No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Autoestima, adaptación social y suicidalidad en los trastornos afectivos
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Resumen
La autoestima (AE) y la adaptación social (AS) se deterioran a menudo durante el curso de los trastornos afectivos; este deterioro se asocia con el comportamiento suicida. El propósito del presente estudio era investigar la AE y la AS en los pacientes unipolares o bipolares en relación con las características demográficas y clínicas, especialmente la presencia de suicidalidad (ideación suicida, intento de suicidio o ambas cosas). Se examinó a 44 pacientes, 28 bipolares y 16 unipolares, en remisión durante 3 meses al menos, y a 50 individuos sanos por medio de una entrevista clínica estructurada. La AE y la AS se evaluaron por la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg y la Escala de Adaptación Social, respectivamente. Los resultados han mostrado que los pacientes bipolares no diferían de los controles desde el punto de vista de la AE, mientras que los pacientes unipolares tenían una AE más baja que los bipolares y los controles. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones medias de AS entre los tres grupos. La suicidalidad durante la depresión se asociaba sólo en los pacientes bipolares con AE más baja en la remisión; la asociación de la suicidalidad con la AS era similar, pero no tan pronunciada. Se concluye que la AE baja que permanece en la remisión parece estar relacionada con la expresión de suicidalidad durante los episodios depresivos de los pacientes bipolares, mientras que ningún patrón similar es evidente en los pacientes unipolares.
- Type
- Artículo original
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2003
References
Bibliografía
Judd, LL. Mood disorders in the general population represent an important and worldwide public health problem. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1995;10(Suppl 4):5–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mendlewicz, J. Population and family studies in depression and mania. Br J Psychiatry 1988;3:16–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsuang, MT, Faraone, SV. The genetics of mood disorders. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1990.Google Scholar
Stefanis, CN, Dikeos, DG, Papadimitriou, GN. Clinical strategies in genetic research. In: Mendlewicz, J. Papadimitriou, GN, editors. Genetics of mental disorders Part I: theoretical aspects. Bailliere’s Clinical Psychiatry, International Practice and Research. London: Bailliere Tindall; 1995. p. 1–18.Google Scholar
Souery, D, Papadimitriou, GIN, Mendlewicz, J. New molecular genetic studies in affective disorders. In: Papadimitriou, GN, Mendlewicz, J. editors. Genetics of mental disorders Part II: clinical issues. Bailliere’s Clinical Psychiatry, International Practice and Research. London: Bailliere Tindall; 1996. p. 1–13.Google Scholar
Brown, G, Andrews, B, Bifulco, A, Veiel, H. Self-esteem and depression. 1. Measurement issues and prediction of onset. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1990;25:200–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauwens, F, Tracy, A, Pardoen, D, Van der Elst, M, Mendlewicz, J. Social adjustment of remitted bipolar and unipolar out-patients . A comparison with age- and sex- matched Controls. Br J Psychiatry 1991;159:239–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pardoen, D, Bauwens, F, Tracy, A, Martin, F, Mendlewicz, J. Self esteem in recovered bipolar and unipolar outpatients. Br J Psychiatry 1993;163:755–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, AT. Depression: clinical, experimental and theoretical aspects. New York: Harper Row; 1967.Google Scholar
Winters, KC, Neale, JM. Mania and low self esteem. J Abnormal Psychol 1985;94:282–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, PM, Kreitman, NB, Ingham, JG, Sashidharan, SP. Selfesteem, life stress and psychiatric disorder. J Affect Disord 1989;17:65–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, G, Bifulco, A, Veiel, H, Andrews, B. Self-esteem and depression. 2. Social correlates of self-esteem. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1990;25:225–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bothwell, R, Scott, J. The influence of cognitive variables on recovery in depressed inpatients. J Affect Disord 1997;43: 207–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ezquiaga, E, Garcia, A, Pallares, T. Bravo, MF. Psychosocial predictors of outcome in major depression: a prospective 12-month study. J Affect Disord 1999;52:209–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Staner, L, Tracy, A, Dramaix, M, Genevrois, C, Vanderelst, M, Vilane, A, et al.Clinical and psychosocial predictors of recurrence in recovered bipolar and unipolar depressives: a one-year controlled prospective study. Psychiatry Res 1997;69:39–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Serretti, A, Cavallini, MC, Macciardi, F, Namia, C, Franchini, L, Lipp, O, et al.Social adjustment and self-esteem in remitted patients with mood disorders. Eur Psychiatry 1999;14:137–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shapira, B, Zislin, J, Gelfin, Y, Osher, Y, Gorfine, M, Souery, D, et al.Social adjustment and self-esteem in remitted patients with unipolar and bipolar affective disorder: a case control study. Compr Psychiatry 1999;40:24–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dohrenwend, BP, Levav, I, Shrout, PE, Schwartz, S. Naveh, G. Link, BG, et al.Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders: the causation-selection issue. Science 1992;255: 946–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Post, RM. Transduction of psychosocial stress into the neurobiology of recurrent affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149: 999–1010.Google ScholarPubMed
Coryell, W, Scheftner, W, Keller, M, Endicott, J, Maser, J, Klerman, GL. The enduring psychosocial consequences of mania and depression. AmJ Psychiatry 1993;150:720–7.Google ScholarPubMed
Kienhorst, CW, De Wilde, EJ, Van Den Bout, J, Diekstra, RF, Wolters, WH. Characteristics of suicide attempters in a population-based sample of Dutch adolescents. Br J Psychiatry 1990;156:243–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Angst, J, Degonda, M, Ernst, C. The Zurich Study: XV. Suicide attempts in a cohort from age 20 to 30. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1992;242:135–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Man, AF, Leduc, CP, Labreche-Gauthier, L. Correlates of suicide ideation in French-Canadian adults and adolescents: a comparison. J Clin Psychol 1992;48:811–6.3.0.CO;2-Q>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Overholser, JC, Adams, DM, Lehnert, KL, Brinkman, DC. Self-esteem déficits and suicidal tendencies among adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995;34: 919–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plutchnik, R, Botsis, AJ, Van Praag, HM. Psychopathology, self-esteem, sexual and ego functions as correlates of suicide and violence risk. Arch Suicide Res 1995;1:1–12.Google Scholar
Van Gastel, A, Schotte, C, Maes, M. The prediction of suicidal intent in depressed patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997;96: 254–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vilhjamsson, R, Krístjansdottir, G, Sveinbjarnardottir, E. Factors associated with suicide ideation in adults. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1998;33:97–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beautrais, AL, Jouce, PR, Mulder, RT. Personality traits and cognitive styles as risk factors for serious suicide attempts among young people. Suicide Life Threat Behav 1999;29: 37–47.Google ScholarPubMed
Hawton, K, Kingsbury, SSteinhardt, K, James, A, Fagg, J. Repetition of deliberate self-harm by adolescents: the role of psychological factors. J Adolesc 1999;22:369–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nasser, EH, Overholser, JC. Assessing varying degrees of lethality in depressed adolescent suicide attempters. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999;99:423–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ahrens, BLinden, M. Is there a suicidality syndrome independent of speciflc major psychiatric disorder? Results of a split half múltiple regression analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996;94: 79–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Souery, D, Lipp, O. Serretti, A, Mahieu, B. Rivelli, SK, Cavallini, C, et al.European Collaborative Project on Affective Disorders: interactions between genetic and psychosocial vulnerability factors. Psychiatr Genet 1998; 8:197–205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization. Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). Geneva: World Health Organization; 1992.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington, DC: AmericanPsychiatricAssociation; 1994.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. The ICD- 10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines, 1992.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, M. The measurement of self-esteem. In: Rosenberg, M, editor. Society and the adolescent selfimage. New Jersey: Princeton University Press; 19G5. p. 16–35.Google Scholar
Weissman, MM, Bothwell, S. Assessment of social adjustment by patient self-report. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976;33: 1111–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robson, PJ. Self-esteem. A psychiatric view. Br J Psychiatry 1988;153:6–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ingham, JG, Kreitman, NB, Miller, PM, Sashidharan, SP, Surtees, PG. Self-appraisal, anxiety and depression in women. A prospective enquiry. Br J Psychiatry 1987;151: 643–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perugi, G, Maremmani, I, McNair, DM, Cassano, GB, Akiskal, HS. Differential changes in areas of social adjustment from depressive episodes through recovery. J Affect Disord 1988;15:3943.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hays, RD, Wells, KB, Sherbourne, CD, Rogers, W, Spritzer, K. Functioning and well-being outcomes of patients with depression compared with chronic general medical illnesses. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:11–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cannon, M, Jones, P, Gilvarry, C, Rifkin, L, McKenzie, K, Foerster, A, Murray, RM. Premorbid social functioning in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: similarities and differences. AmJ Psychiatry 1997;154:1544–50.Google ScholarPubMed
Blairy, S, Souery, D, Papadimitriou, GN, Dikeos, DG’; Lerer, B, Kaneva, R, et al.Association between unemployment and social adjustment and self-esteem in bipolar patients compared to normal subjects. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry, European Regional Congress, Florence, Italy. Abstract Book; 1999 n. 74.Google Scholar
Gitlin, MJ, Swendsen, J, Heller, TL, Hammen, C. Relapse and impairment in bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:1635–40.Google ScholarPubMed
Bauwens, F, Pardoen, D, Staner, L, Dramaix, M, Mendlewicz, J. Social adjustment and the course of affective illness: a one-year controlled longitudinal study involving bipolar and unipolar out-patients. Depress Anxiety 1998;8:50–7.3.0.CO;2-2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moos, RH, Croncite, RC. Symptom-based predictors of a 10-year chronic course of treated depression. J Nerv Ment Dis 1999; 187:360–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nierenberg, AA, Grossbard, SJ, Fava, M, Rosenbaum, JF. Social adjustment does not predict depressive relapse during continuation fluoxetine therapy. J Affect Disord 1995;34:73–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matussek, P, Wolfegang, PD. Personality attributes of depressive patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983;40:783–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed