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Comportamiento automutilador de pacientes psiquiátricos hospitalizados

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

H. L. I. Nijman ,
M. Dautzenberg ,
H. L. G. J. Merckelbach ,
P. Jung ,
I. Wessel  and
J. á Campo
H. L. I. Nijman
Affiliation:
Hospital Psiquiátrico Welterhof, Heerlen, P.O. Box 4436, 6401 CX Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Maastricht. Maastricht, Países Bajos
M. Dautzenberg
Affiliation:
Hospital Psiquiátrico Welterhof, Heerlen, P.O. Box 4436, 6401 CX
H. L. G. J. Merckelbach
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Maastricht. Maastricht, Países Bajos
P. Jung
Affiliation:
Hospital Psiquiátrico Welterhof, Heerlen, P.O. Box 4436, 6401 CX
I. Wessel
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Maastricht. Maastricht, Países Bajos
J. á Campo
Affiliation:
Hospital Psiquiátrico Welterhof, Heerlen, P.O. Box 4436, 6401 CX
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Resumen

En el presente estudio se valoraron dos hipótesis generales sobre los orígenes de la automu-tilación en los pacientes psiquiátricos. La primera afirma que la automutilación tiene su origen en el abuso infantil y las experiencias de abandono y está relacionada con disociación en momentos posteriores de la vida. La segunda ve la automutilación como consecuencia de problemas del control de impulsos. Para examinar estas dos hipótesis, se recogieron datos acerca de experiencias infantiles traumáticas y síntomas disociativos (hipótesis 1), así como datos acerca de la agresividad, la conducta obsesivo-compulsiva y la búsqueda de sensaciones (hipótesis 2) en una muestra de 54 pacientes psiquiátricos hospitalizados. Veinticuatro de 54 pacientes (44%) comunicaron haberse mutilado. La edad media de comienzo de este comportamiento era 23 años. Las medidas de autoinforme de los pacientes que se mutilaron estaban más de acuerdo con la primera hipótesis que con la segunda. Es decir, los pacientes que se mutilaron comunicaban más experiencias infantiles traumáticas y síntomas disociativos que los pacientes de control. Los dos grupos no diferían por lo que se refiere a la agresividad, la conducta obsesivo-compulsiva y la búsqueda de sensaciones. De acuerdo con estudios anteriores, los presentes resultados indican que el comportamiento de automutilación se relaciona con una historia de abuso y abandono.

Keywords

automutilaciónimpulsividadtrauma infantildisociación
Type
Artículo Original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 6 , Issue 6 , September 1999 , pp. 352 - 359
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 1999

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