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El curso natural de los trastornos y síndromes somatomorfos del DSM-IV entre los adolescentes y los adultos jóvenes: un estudio comunitario prospectivo longitudinal
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Resumen
Objetivo.
Aunque se supone que los trastornos somatomorfos son cuadros clínicos crónicos, no se dispone de conocimiento epidemiológico sobre su curso natural basado en muestras representativas.
Método.
Los datos proceden de un estudio epidemiológico prospectivo de adolescentes y adultos jóvenes en Munich, Alemania. Se considera los diagnósticos de los respondientes (n = 2.548) en la línea base y en el seguimiento realizado 42 meses después como media. Se examina prospectivamente la incidencia en el seguimiento, la estabilidad y además factores de riesgo (sociodemográficos, manifestaciones psicopatológicas, exposición a traumas) seleccionados de la línea de base para la incidencia y la estabilidad de los trastornos y síndromes somatomorfos. La información diagnóstica se evaluó utilizando la Entrevista Diagnóstica Internacional Compuesta - Munich (M-CIDI) estandarizada.
Resultados.
Durante el periodo de seguimiento, la tasa de incidencia para cualquiera de los diagnósticos somatomorfos cubiertos fue 25,7%. La estabilidad para el grupo total de cualquier trastorno/síndrome somatomorfo fue 48%. El género femenino, la clase social baja, la experiencia de uso de cualquier sustancia, el trastorno de ansiedad y el afectivo, así como la experiencia de acontecimientos traumáticos de amenaza sexual y física predecían nuevos comienzos de afecciones somatomorfas, mientras que ser mujer, la existencia de uso anterior de sustancias, los trastornos afectivos y de la conducta alimentaria así como la experiencia de un accidente grave predecían la estabilidad.
Conclusiones.
Al menos para una proporción sustancial de individuos, el cuadro global de la somatización parece ser relativamente estable, pero con fluctuación en el cuadro de síntomas con el tiempo. Ser mujer, la experiencia de uso de sustancias así como el trastorno de ansiedad parecen constituir factores de riesgo para el comienzo de nuevas afecciones somatomorfas lo mismo que para un curso estable en el tiempo.
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- Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2003
References
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