Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T06:33:03.224Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Estreses relacionados con la familia y la escuela en niños húngaros deprimidos

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

J. Csorba
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría y Psicoterapia, Universidad Semmelweis, Facultad de Medicina, H-1083Basalla u. 6. Budapest, Hungría
S. Rózsa
Affiliation:
Departamento de Personalidad y Psicología de la Salud, Universidad Eötvös Loránd, H-W74 Izabella u. 46, Budapest, Hungría
A. Vetro
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente, Universidad Szentgyörgyi Albert, Facultad de Medicina, H-6725 Semmelweis u. 6.Szeged, Hungría
J. Gadoros
Affiliation:
Clínica Psiquiátrica Infantil Vadaskert, H-1021 Hûvösvölgyi út 116.Budapest, Hungría
J. Makra
Affiliation:
Clínica Psiquiátrica Infantil Vadaskert, H-1021 Hûvösvölgyi út 116.Budapest, Hungría
E. Somogyi
Affiliation:
Clínica Psiquiátrica Infantil Vadaskert, H-1021 Hûvösvölgyi út 116.Budapest, Hungría
E. Kaczvinszky
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente, Universidad Szentgyörgyi Albert, Facultad de Medicina, H-6725 Semmelweis u. 6.Szeged, Hungría
K. Kapornay
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente, Universidad Szentgyörgyi Albert, Facultad de Medicina, H-6725 Semmelweis u. 6.Szeged, Hungría
Get access

Resumen

El propósito del estudio era 1) identificar estreses vitales recientes y antiguos con un riesgo diferencial significative, de depresión infantil frente a otras enfermedades psiquiátricas de la infancia, y 2) establecer si los estreses vitales compartidos con otros miembros de la familia tenían un impacto mayor sobre la depresión del nifio que los acontecimientos que eran pertinentes sólo personalmente. Utilizando una entrevista semiestructurada desarrollada hace poco (Inventario de Evaluación Diagnóstica para Niños y Adolescentes, versión húngara, DESCA-H), se investigaron 68 acontecimientos vitales de una muestra total de 526 niños. Se comparó a 215 preadolescentes deprimidos (edad media = 12,73 años, DT = 2,58) con variables idénticas de 311 controles clínicos mixtos no deprimidos (edad media = 10,91 afios, DT = 2,46) derivados a la asistencia psiquiátrica infantil con síntomas psiquiátricos distintos a la depresión. La parte del cuestionario de acontecimientos vitales del DESCA-H se administró separadamente por medio de listas de estreses recientes (en un plazo de 1 año) y antiguos (acontecimientos sucedidos más de 1 año antes de la evaluación). Con las dos series de estreses vitales, se realizaron dos análisis de regresión matemática separados. Se encontró que, de los factores estresantes antiguos, el castigo físico del nifio por los profesores, los problemas económicos serios de la familia y los problemas de salud mental de los miembros de la familia eran predictores significativos de la depresión. De la serie de estreses recientes, cambiar a una escuela nueva, las enfermedades somáticas, la muerte de parientes y los trastornos de salud mental de los miembros de la familia resultaron ser factores de riesgo independientes de depresión para los niños. Los hallazgos indican que los estreses significativos del nifio compartidos con otros miembros de la familia dominan al diferenciar a los niños deprimidos de los no deprimidos. Los estreses relacionados con la escuela se analizan críticamente.

Type
Artículo Original
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliografía

Arato, M, Demeter, E, Rihmer, Z, Somogyi, E. Retrospective psychiatric assessment of 200 suicides in Budapest. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1988; 77: 454–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benfield, CY, Palmer, DJ, Pfefferbaum, B, Stowe, ML. A comparison of depressed and nondepressed disturbed children on measures of attributional style, hopelessness, life stress and temperament. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1988; 16: 397410.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, GW, Harris, TO, Eds. Life events and illness. New York: Guilford Press; 1989.Google ScholarPubMed
Brugha, TS, Conroy, R. Categories of depression: reported life events in a controlled design. Br J Psychiatry 1985; 147: 641–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burt, CE, Cohén, LH, Bjorck, JP. Perceived family environment as a moderator of young adolescents’ life stress adjustment. Am J Coram Psychology 1988; 16: 101–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, D, Tedesdale, J. Diurnal variation in clinical depression and accessibility of memories of positive and negative experiences. J Abnorm Psychol 1982; 91: 8795.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coddington, R. The significance of life events as etiological factors in the discases of children. J Psychosom Res 1972; 16: 205–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohén, S, Wills, TA. Stress, social support and the buffering hypothesis. Psychol Bull 1985; 98: 310–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dise-Lewis, JE. The life events and coping inventory: an assessment of stress in children. Psychosom Med 1988; 50: 484–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Essau, CA, Petermann, E, Conradt, J. Symptome der Angst u. Depression bei Jugendlichen. Pr Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatrie 1995; 44: 322–8.Google Scholar
Fergusson, DM, Lynskey, MT. Physical punishmnt/maltre-atment during childhood and adjustment in young adulthood. Child Abuse Negl 1997; 21: 617–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ge, X, Conger, RD, Lorenz, FO, Simons, RL. Parents stressful life events and adolescent depressed mood. J Health Soc Behav 1994; 35: 2844.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodyer, I, Kolvin, I, Gatzanas, S. Recent undesirable life events and psychiatric disorder in childhood and adolescence. Br J Psychiatry 1985; 14: 517–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodyer, I, Kolvin, I, Gatzanas, S. The impact of recent undesirable life events on psychiatric disorder in childhood and adolescence. Br J Psychiatry 1987; 151: 179223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodyer, I, Herbert, J, Tamplin, A, Secher, SM, Pearson, J. Short term outcome of major depression II. Life events, family dysfunction and friendship difficulties as predictors of persistent disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997; 36: 474–80.Google ScholarPubMed
Hammen, C, Burge, D, Adrián, C. Timing of mother and child depression in a longitudinal study of children at risk. J Consult Clin Psychol 1991; 59: 341–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, J. Life events as stressors in childhood and adolescence. In: Lahcy, B, Kazdin, A, Eds. Advances in clinical child psychology. New York: Plenum; 1982, p. 219–53.Google Scholar
Johnson, J, McCutcheon, S. Assessing life events in older children and adolescents: preliminary findings with the Life Events Checklist. In: Sarason, I, Spielberger, C, Eds. Stress and anxiety. Washington DC: Hemisphere; 1980, p. 111–25.Google Scholar
Katschnig, H. Life events and psychiatric disorders: controversial issues. London: University Press; 1986.Google Scholar
Kopp, M, Skrabski, A, Magyar, I. Neurotics at risk and suicidal behaviour in the Hungarian population. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1987; XX: 28.Google Scholar
Kovacs, M, Feinberg, TL, Crouse-Novak, M, Paulauskas, SL, Finkelstein, R. Depressive disorders in childhood. I. A longitudinal prospective study of characteristics and recovery. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984; 41: 229–37.Google ScholarPubMed
Kovacs, M, Feinberg, TL, Crouse-Novak, M, Paulauskas, SL, Pollock, M, Finkelstein, R. Depressive disorders in childhood. II. A longitudinal study of the risk for a subsequent major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984; 41: 643–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Kovacs, M. Depression and suicidal behaviours in Hungarian children. Grant Appl. Pittsburgh: WPIC; 1996.Google Scholar
Lewinson, PM, Roberts, RE, Seeley, JR, Rohde, P, Gotlib, IH, Hops, H. Adolescent psychopathology: II. Psychosocial risk factors for depression. J Abnorm Psychol 1994; 103: 302–15.Google Scholar
Lloyd, C. Life events and depressive disorder reviewed. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980; 37: 529–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monck, E, Graham, P, Richman, N, Obbs, R. Adolescent girls II. Background factors in anxiety and depressive states. Br J Psychiatry 1994; 165: 770–80.Google ScholarPubMed
Muratori, F, Fasano, F. Life events, environmental variables and childhood depression. Psychopathology 1997; 30: 111–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Connor, P, Neugebauer, R. The contribution of maternal depressive symptoms and life events to child behaviour problems. Paediat Perinat Epidemiol 1992; 6: 254–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paykel, ES, Prusoff, BA, Myers, JK. Suicide attempts and recent life events, a controlled comparison. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975; 32: 327–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reinherz, HZ, Giaconia, RM, Pakiz, B, Silverman, AB, Frost, AK, Lefkovitz, ES. Psychosocial risk for major depression in late adolescence: a longitudinal community study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993; 32: 1155–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rihmer, Z, Barsi, J, Arato, M, Demeter, E. Suicide in subtypes of primary major depression. J Affect Disord 1990; 18: 221–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rihmer, Z. Relationship between recognised depression and suicide in Hungary. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 1996; 6: 1520.Google Scholar
Skrabski, A, Kopp, M. Health behaviour, psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial background factors. Swiss Monographs in Psychology, Vol. 2. Seattle: Hogrefe and Huber; 1994, p. 21–7.Google Scholar
Swearingen, EM, Cohén, LH. Life events and psychological distress: a prospective study of young adolescents. Dev Psychol 1985; 21: 1045–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tisher, M, Tonge, BJ, Home, DJ. Childhood depression, stressors and parental depression. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1994; 28: 635–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williamson, DE, Ryan, ND, Birmaher, B, Dahl, RE, Kaufman, J, Rao, U, et al. A case-control family history study of depression in adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995; 34: 1596–607.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed