No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Mejora gradual del tratamiento con agentes antipsicóticos desde los neurolépticos orales tradicionales hasta el primer depot atípico
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Resumen
La recaída es uno de los factores clave en la evolución a largo plazo de la esquizofrenia. Las consecuencias de la recaída son diversas y a menudo impredecibles, y el tiempo hasta la recuperación y el grado de ésta empeoran con cada recaída sucesiva. Hoy en día hay datos abrumadores de que los avances en el tratamiento con fármacos antipsicóticos han llevado a reducciones significativas en la tasa de recaídas. Esta revisión traza el derrotero de los avances que han tenido lugar en la terapia antipsicótica desde la introducción de las formulaciones depot, pasando por los agentes atípicos, hasta el desarrollo del primer antipsicótico atípico de acción prolongada. Las formulaciones depot de antipsicóticos convencionales se desarrollaron en la década de 1960 y llevaron a un número de recaídas y episodios de hospitalización menor, comparado con los equivalentes orales. El meta-análisis ha confirmado que los pacientes que reciben antipsicóticos depot experimentan una mejoría global significativamente mayor que los que reciben los agentes orales respectivos. Sin embargo, los antipsicóticos convencionales se asocian con diversos acontecimientos adversos potencialmente importantes. Los antipsicóticos atípicos se introdujeron en la década de 1990 y tienen ventajas significativas sobre los agentes convencionales con respecto a los síntomas positivos y negativos. Hay datos también de que los agentes atípicos pueden reducir el riesgo de recaída. Es importante que los antipsicóticos atípicos tengan un perfil de seguridad mejor comparado con los agentes anteriores, en particular con respecto a los síntomas extrapiramidales. Una desventaja de los agentes atípicos ha sido que están disponibles únicamente en forma oral. El desarrollo reciente de una formulación inyectable de acción prolongada de risperidona significa que los médicos disponen de una nueva opción de tratamiento.
Keywords
- Type
- Revisión
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2006
References
Bibliografía
[1]Adams, CE, Eisenbruch, MDepot fluphenazine for schizophrenia (Cochrane review).The Cochrane Library, issue 2. Oxford: Update Software; 2001.Google Scholar
[2]Adams, CE, Fenton, MK, Quraishi, S, David, ASSystematic metareview of depot antipsychotic drugs for people with schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2001;179:290-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[3]American Diabetes Association, American Psychiatric Association, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, North American Association for the Study of Obesity. Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:267-72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[4]Arvanitis, LA, Miller, BGMultiple fixed doses of “Seroquel” (quetiapine) in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: a comparison with haloperidol and placebo. The Seroquel Trial 13 Study Group. Biol Psychiatry 1997;42:233-46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[5]Babiker, IEComparative efficacy of long-acting depot and oral neuroleptic medications in preventing schizophrenic recidivism. J Clin Psychiatry 1987;48:94-7.Google ScholarPubMed
[6]Barnes, TR, Curson, DALong-term depot antipsychotics. A risk benefit assessment. Drug Saf 1994;10:464-79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[7]Beasley, CM Jr, Tollefson, G, Tran, P, Satterlee, W, Sanger, T, Hamilton, SOlanzapine versus placebo and haloperidol: acute phase results of the North American double-blind olanzapine trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 1996; 14:111-23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[8]Bloch, Y, Mendlovic, S, Strupinsky, S, Altshuler, A, Fennig, S, Ratzoni, GInjections of depot antipsychotic medications in patients suffering from schizophrenia: do they hurt? J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62:855-9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[9]Bossie, CA, Lasser, RA, Gharabawi, GLow or absent pain and injection site effects with long-acting risperidone. Poster presented at the American Psychiatric Association (APA) annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2003.Google Scholar
[10]Bouchard, RH, Merette, C, Pourcher, E, Demers, MF, Villeneuve, J, Roy-Gagnon, MH et al. Longitudinal comparative study of risperidone and conventional neuroleptics for treating patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2000;20:295–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[11]Briffa, D, Meehan, TWeight changes during clozapine treatment. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 1998;32:718-21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[12]Bristow, MF, Hirsch, SRPitfalls and problems of the long term use of neuroleptic drugs in schizophrenia. Drug Saf 1993;8:136-48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[13]Brown, CS, Markowitz, JS, Moore, TR, Parker, NGAtypical antipsychotics: part II: adverse effects, drug interactions, and costs. Ann Pharmacother 1999;33:210-7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[14]Bustillo, J, Lauriello, J, Horan, W, Keith, SThe psychosocial treatment of schizophrenia: an update. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158:163-75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[15]Canuso, C, Lasser, RSignificantly reduced serum prolactin levels following treatment with long-acting risperidone. Poster presented at the American Psychiatric Association (APA) annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2003.Google Scholar
[16]Carman, J, Peuskens, J, Vangeneugden, ARisperidone in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1995;10:207-13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[17]Casey, DEExtrapyramidal syndromes. Epidemiology, pathophysiology and the diagnostic dilemma. CNS Drugs 1996;5(Suppl 1): 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[18]Conley, RR, Mahmoud, RA randomized double-blind study of risperidone and olanzapine in the treatment of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2001;158:765-74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[19]Csernansky, JG, Mahmoud, R, Brenner, RA comparison of risperidone and haloperidol for the prevention of relapse in patients with schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 2002;346:16–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[20]Cunningham Owens, DGAdverse effects of antipsychotic agents. Do newer agents offer advantages? Drugs 1996;51:895–930.Google Scholar
[21]Curson, DA, Barnes, TR, Bamber, RW, Platt, SD, Hirsch, SR, Duffy, JCLong-term depot maintenance of chronic schizophrenic outpatients: the 7 year follow-up of the Medical Research Council fluphenazine/placebo trial. II. The incidence of compliance problems, side-effects, neurotic symptoms and depression. Br J Psychiatry 1985;146:469-74.Google Scholar
[22]David, A, Quraishi, SDepot perphenazine decanoate and enanthate for schizophrenia (Cochrane review). The Cochrane Library, issue 2. Oxford: Update Software; 2001.Google Scholar
[23]Davies, A, Adena, MA, Keks, NA, Catts, SV, Lambert, T, Schweitzer, IRisperidone versus haloperidol: I. Meta-analysis of etficacy and safety. Clin Ther 1998;20:58–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[24]Davis, JM, Chen, NClinical profile of an atypical antipsychotic: risperidone. Schizophr Bull 2002;28:43–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[25]Davis, JM, Matalon, L, Watanabe, MD, Blake, L, Metalon, LDepot antipsychotic drugs. Place in therapy. Drugs 1994;47:741-73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[26]Dencker, SJ, Axelsson, ROptimising the use of depot antipsychotics. CNS Drugs 1996;6:367-81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[27]Fleischhacker, WW, Eerdekens, M, Karcher, K, Remington, G, Llorca, P-M, Chrzanowski, W et al. Treatment of schizophrenia with longacting injectable risperidone: a 12-month open-label trial of the first long-acting second generation antipsychotic. J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64:1250-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[28]Foster, RH, Goa, KLRisperidone. A pharmacoeconomic review of its use in schizophrenia. Pharmacoeconomics 1998;14:97–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[29]Gureje, O, Miles, W, Keks, N, Grainger, D, Lambert, T, McGrath, I et al. Olanzapine vs. risperidone in the management of schizophrenia: a randomized double-blind trial in Australia and New Zealand. Schizophr Res 2003;61:303-14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[30]Harrison, G, Hopper, K, Craig, T, Laska, E, Siegel, C, Wanderling, J et al. Recovery from psychotic illness: a 15- and 25-year international follow-up study. Br J Psychiatry 2001; 178:506-17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[31]Herrmann, N, Mamdani, M, Lanctot, KLAtypical antipsychotics and risk of cerebrovascular accidents. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161:1113-5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[32]Jolley, AG, Hirsch, SR, Morrison, E, McRink, A, Wilson, LTrial of brief intermittent neuroleptic prophylaxis for selected schizophrenic outpatients: clinical and social outcome at 2 years. Br Med J 1990;301:837-42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[33]Kane, JMDosage and route of administration of neuroleptic drugs during different phases of a schizophrenic illness. In: Kissling, W editor. Guidelines for neuroleptic relapse prevention. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 1991. p. 85–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[34]Kane, JM, Eerdekens, M, Lindenmayer, JP, Keith, SJ, Lesem, M, Karcher, KLong-acting injectable risperidone: efficacy and safety of the first long-acting atypical antipsychotic. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:1125-32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[35]Keefe, RS, Seidman, LJ, Christensen, BK, Hamer, RM, Sharma, T, Sitskoorn, MM et al. Comparative effect of atypical and conventional antipsychotic drugs on neurocognition in first-episode psychosis: a randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus low doses of haloperidol. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:985-95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[36]Kinon, BJ, Basson, BR, Gilmore, JA, Tollefson, GDLong-term olanzapine treatment: weight change and weight-related health factors in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62:92–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[37]Kinross-Wright, J, Vogt, AH, Charalampous, KDA new method of drug therapy. Am J Psychiatry 1963;119:779-80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[38]Lecrubier, Y, Benkert, O, Kasper, SAmisulpride versus risperidone in schizophrenia: comparing clinical and functional outcome in a 6 - month study. Presented at the 39th annual meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, San Juan, Puerto Rico 2000.Google Scholar
[39]Leucht, S, Pitschel-Walz, G, Abraham, D, Kissling, WEfficacy and extrapyramidal side-effects of the new antipsychotics olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and sertindole compared to conventional antipsychotics and placebo. A meta-analysis of randomized contro- [57] lled triais. Schizophr Res 1999;35:51–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[40]Leucht, S, Wahlbeck, K, Hamann, J, Kissling, WNew generation antipsychotics versus low-potency conventional antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2003;361:1581-9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[41]Lieberman, JA, Alvir, J, Geisler, S, Ramos-Lorenzi, J, Woerner, M, Novacenko, H et al. Methylphenidate response, psychopathology and tardive dyskinesia as predictors of relapse in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 1994; 11:107-18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[42]Love, RC, Kelly, DL, Sherr, JDA comparison of rehospitalization rates between patients treated with atypical antipsychotics and those treated with depot antipsychotics. Presented at the 37th annual meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Puerto Rico, 1998.Google Scholar
[43]Marder, SR, Essock, SM, Miller, AL, Buchanan, RW, Casey, DE, Davis, JM et al. Physical health monitoring of patients with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:1334-49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[44]Martyns-Yellowe, IS.The positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia: patterns of response to depot neuroleptic treatment. West Afr J Med 1994;13:200-3.Google ScholarPubMed
[45]Meltzer, HY, McGurk, SRThe effects of clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine on cognitive function in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1999;25:233-55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[46]Möller, HJReview: treatment of schizophrenia. State of the art. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1996;246:229-34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[47]Möller, HJDefinition, psychopharmacological basis and clinical evaluation of novel/atypical neuroleptics: methodological issues and clinical consequences. World J Biol Psychiatry 2000;1:75–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[48]Möller, HJState of the art of drug treatment of schizophrenia and the future position of the novel atypical antipsychotics. World J Biol Psychiatry 2000;1:204-14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[49]Möller, HJManagement of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia: new treatment options. CNS Drugs 2003;17:793–823.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[50]Möller, HJ, Boyer, P, Fleurot, O, Rein, WImprovement of acute exacerbations of schizophrenia with amisulpride: a comparison with haloperidol. PROD-ASLP Study Group. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1997;132:396–401.Google ScholarPubMed
[51]Moore, DB, Kelly, DL, Sherr, JD, Love, RC, Conley, RRRehospitalization rates for depot antipsychotics and pharmacoeconomic implications: comparison with risperidone. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1998;55:S17-9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[52]Mori, K, Nagao, M, Yamashita, H, Morinobu, S, Yamawaki, SEffect of switching to atypical antipsychotics on memory in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004;28:659-65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[53]Nasrallah, HA, Duchesne, I, Mehnert, A, Janagap, C, Eerdekens, MHealth-related quality of life in patients with schizophrenia during treatment with long-acting, injectable rispendone. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:531-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[54]Pereira, S, Pinto, RA survey of the attitudes of chronic psychiatric patients living in the community toward their medication. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997;95:464-8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[55]Peuskens, J, Bech, P, Möller, HJ, Bale, R, Fleurot, O, Rein, WAmisulpride vs. risperidone in the treatment of acute exacerbations of schizophrenia. Amisulpride study group. Psychiatry Res 1999;88:107-17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[56]Puech, A, Fleurot, O, Rein, WAmisulpride, an atypical antipsychotic, in the treatment of acute episodes of schizophrenia: a dose-ranging study vs. haloperidol. The Amisulpride Study Group. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1998;98:65–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[57]Quraishi, S, David, ADepot pipothiazine palmitate and undeclynate for schizophrenia (Cochrane review). The Cochrane Library, issue 2. Oxford: Update Software; 2001.Google Scholar
[58]Quraishi, S, David, ADepot flupenthixol decanoate for schizophrenia or other similar psychotic disorders (Cochrane review). The Cochrane Library, issue 2. Oxford: Update Software; 2001.Google Scholar
[59]Quraishi, S, David, ADepot haloperidol decanoate for schizophrenia (Cochrane review). The Cochrane Library, issue 2. Oxford: Update Software; 2001.Google Scholar
[60]Quraishi, S, David, A, Adams, CEDepot bromperidol decanoate for schizophrenia (Cochrane review). The Cochrane Library, issue 2. Oxford: Update Software; 2001.Google Scholar
[61]Quraishi, S, David, A, Adams, CEDepot fluspirilene for schizophrenia (Cochrane review). The Cochrane Library, issue 2. Oxford: Update Software; 2001.Google Scholar
[62]Rabinowitz, J, Lichtenberg, P, Kaplan, Z, Mark, M, Nahon, D, Davidson, MRehospitalization rates of chronically ill schizophrenic patients discharged on a regimen of risperidone, olanzapine, or conventional antipsychotics. Am J Psychiatry 2001;158:266-9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[63]Sharma, TCognitive effects of conventional and atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1999;38(Suppl):44–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[64]Simpson, GM, Lindenmayer, JPExtrapyramidal symptoms in patients treated with risperidone. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1997;17:194–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[65]Speller, JC, Barnes, TR, Carson, DA, Pantelis, C, Alberts, JLOneyear, low-dose neuroleptic study of in-patients with chronic schizophrenia characterised by persistent negative symptoms. Amisulpride vs. haloperidol. Br J Psychiatry 1997;171:564-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[66]Tattan, TM, Creed, FHNegative symptoms of schizophrenia and compliance with medication. Schizophr Bull 2001;27:149-55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[67]Tollefson, GD, Beasley, CM Jr, Tran, PV, Street, JS, Krueger, JA, Tamura, RN et al. Olanzapine versus haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective and schizophreniform disorders: results of an international collaborative trial. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154:457-65.Google ScholarPubMed
[68]Tran, PV, Hamilton, SH, Kuntz, AJ, Potvin, JH, Andersen, SW Beasley, Jr, C et al. Double-blind comparison of olanzapine versus risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1997;17:407-18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[69]Tuninger, E, Levander, SLong-term outcome of depot neuroleptic maintenance treatment among chronic psychotic patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997;96:347-53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[70]Vasavan Nair, NP, Suranyi-Cadotte, B, Schwartz, G, Thavundayil, JX, Achim, A, Lizondo, E et al. A clinical trial comparing intramuscular haloperidol decanoate and oral haloperidol in chronic schizophrenic patients: etficacy, safety, and dosage equivalence. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1986;6:30S–37S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[71]Voruganti, L, Córtese, L, Oyewumi, L, Cernovsky, Z, Zirul, S, Awad, AComparative evaluation of conventional and novel antipsychotic drugs with reference to their subjective tolerability, side-effect profile and impact on quality of life. Schizophr Res 2000;43:135-45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[72]Walburn, J, Gray, R, Gournay, K, Quraishi, S, David, ASSystematic review of patient and nurse attitudes to depot antipsychotic medication. Br J Psychiatry 2001;179:300-7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[73]Weiden, P, Aquila, R, Standard, JAtypical antipsychotic drugs and long-term outcome in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 1996;57(Suppl 1 l):53–60.Google Scholar
[74]Youssef, HADuration of neuroleptic treatment and relapse rate: a 5-year follow-up study with haloperidol decanoate. Clin Neuropharmacol 1991; 14(Suppl2):S16–21.Google ScholarPubMed