Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T07:38:53.573Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Prevalencia de la depresión medida por el CBDI en una población escolar predominantemente adolescente en Turquía

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

Fevziye Toros ,
N. Gamsiz Bilgin ,
R. Bugdaycic ,
T. Sasmaz ,
O. Kurt  and
H. Camdeviren
Fevziye Toros
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psicuiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Mersin, Mersin, Turquía
N. Gamsiz Bilgin
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universida J de Mersin, Turquía
R. Bugdaycic
Affiliation:
Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Mersin, Mersin, Turquía
T. Sasmaz
Affiliation:
Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Mersin, Mersin, Turquía
O. Kurt
Affiliation:
Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Mersin, Mersin, Turquía
H. Camdeviren
Affiliation:
Departamento de Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Mersin, Mersin, Turquía
Get access

Resumen

Objetivos.

Este estudio transversal distribuido al azar que involucró a una población escolar predominantemente adolescente (que iba de los cursos 6° a 11°) se realizó para determinar la prevalencia y características clínicas de la depresión en adolescentes en la ciudad de Mersin, Turquía.

Sujetos y métodos.

Se seleccionó una muestra estratificada de 4.256 estudiantes como representativa de la población escolar adolescente de la ciudad. Se dividió a los estudiantes en dos grupos segun el diagnóstico (Grupo I: adolescentes depresivos; Grupo II: adolescentes sin depresión). El intervalo de edad variaba entre 10 y 20 anos, con una media de 14,53 afios (DT = 1,89), es decir, una media de 14,73 años (DT = 1,79) para el grupo I y 15,5 afios (DT = 1,9) para el grupo II. Los datos se obtuvieron vía dos cuestionarios estructurados diseñados para determinar la presencia y las características clinicas de la depresión tanto en los adolescentes como en sus padres. Además, se administró el Inventario de Depresión de Beck para Nifios (CBD) a todos los estudiantes que participaron en el estudio. Después del control de calidad de los datos, la muestra de estudio se redujo a 4.143 adolescentes. La edad media de los estudiantes era 11,23 ± 6,44 años y la proporción chicos/chicas, 1,19:1.

Resultados.

Se encontró que la prevalencia de la depresion según el CBDI (punto de corte: 19) era 12,55% en este grupo de estudio, con una prevalencia significativamente más alta de depresion en las chicas que en los chicos. El análisis de regresión binario demostró que los factores mas importantes implicados en el comienzo de la depresión en adolescentes eran tener problemas con los padres, repetir curso y la humillatión en la escuela, y que los síntomas más comunes eran los sentimientos de falta de valía/culpa, tristeza, vacío, irritabilidad y trastornos somáticos.

Conclusión.

Este estudio escolar transversal prospectivo distribuido al azar ha examinado las características sociodemográficas y clinicas de los adolescentes con depresión en una población de estudiantes. Se encontró que en este grupo de estudio había un nivel relativamente alto de síntomas depresivos, con un predominio claro de las mujeres sobre los varones. Se ha debatido otras características clínicas de los adolescentes con depresión en el contexto de investigacions anteriores.

Keywords

DepresiónEpidemiologíaAdolescentesCaracterísticas clínicas
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 11 , Issue 8 , November 2004 , pp. 491 - 499
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliografía

Abou Nazel, MW, Fahmy, SI, Younis, IA, Seif, el-Din AG, Abdel, Fatah M, Mokhtar, S, et al.A study of depression among Alexandria preparatory school adolescents. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 1991;66:649–674.Google ScholarPubMed
Allgood-Merten, B, Lewinsohn, PM, Hops, H.Sex differences and adolescent depression. J Abnorm Psychol 1990;99:55–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington (DC): APA; 1994. p. 317–44 (rev.).Google Scholar
Asarnow, JR.Peer status and social competence in child psychiatric inpatients: a comparison of children with depressive, externalising, and concurrent depressive and externalising disorders. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1988;16:151–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avison, WR, McAlpine, DD.Gender differences in symptoms of depression among adolescents. J Health Soc Behav 1992;33:77–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aydogmus, K, Baltas, A, Baltas, Z, Davasligil, U, Gungormus, O, Konuk, E, et al.Handbook for parents. 5th ed. Istanbul: Remzi Press; 1995.Google Scholar
Bahls, SC.Epidemiology of depressive symptoms in adolescents of a public school in Curitiba, Brazil. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2002;24:63–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birmaher, B, Ryan, ND, Williamson, DE, Brent, DA, Kaufman, J, Dahl, RE, et al.Childhood and adolescent depression: a review of the post 10 years, part I. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996;35:1427–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borowsky, IW, Ireland, M, Resnick, MD.Adolescent suicide attempts: risks and protectors. Pediatrics 2001;107:485–493.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brent, DA, Bridge, J, Johnson, BA, Connolly, J.Suicidal behaviour runs in families. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53:1145–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Breslau, N, Peterson, EL, Schultz, LR, Chilcoat, HD, Andreski, P.Major depression and stages of smoking: a longitudinal investigation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:161–166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bretón, JJ, Bergeron, L, Valla, JP, Berthiaume, C, Gaudet, N, Lambert, J, et al.Quebec child mental health survey: prevalence of DSM-III-R mental health disorders. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1999;40:375–384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Charman, T.The stability of depressed mood in young adolescents: a school-based survey. J Affective Disord 1994;30:109–116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chartier, GM, Lassen, MK.Adolescent depression: children's depression inventory norms, suicidal ideation, and (weak) gender effects. Adolescence 1994;29:857–864.Google ScholarPubMed
Compás, BE, Oppedisano, G, Connor, JK, Gerhardt, CA, Hinden, BR, Achenbach, TM, et al.Gender differences in depressive symptoms in adolescence: comparison of national samples of clinically referred and nonreferred youths. J Consult Clin Psychol 1997;65:617–626.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Covey, LS, Tam, D.Depressive mood, the single-parent home, and adolescent cigarette smoking. Am J Public Health 1990;80:1330–1333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cummings, E, Davies, P.Maternal depression and child development. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1994;35:73–112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Curatolo, E.Epidemiología de síntomas depressivos em escolares. Apresentafao em Mesa Redonda no Congresso Brasileiro de Psiquiatría. Rio de Janeiro. 2000.Google Scholar
Dentón, RE, Kampfe, CM.The relationship between family variables and adolescent substance abuse: a literature review. Adolescence 1994;29:475–495.Google ScholarPubMed
Diler, RS, Avci, A, Seydaoglu, G.Emotional and behavioural problems in migrant children. Swiss Med Wkly 2003;133:16–21.Google ScholarPubMed
Doerfler, LA, Felner, RD, Rowlison, RT, Raley, PA, Evans, E.Depression in children and adolescents: a comparative analysis of the utility and construct validity of two assessment measures. J Consult Clin Psychol 1988;56:769–772.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Donnelly, M.Depression among adolescents in Northern Ireland. Adolescence 1995;30(118):339–50.Google ScholarPubMed
Ehrenberg, MF, Cox, DN, Koopman, RF.The prevalence of depression in high school students. Adolescence 1990;25:905–912.Google ScholarPubMed
Ebata, K, Yoshimatsu, K, Miguchi, M, Ozaki, A.Impact of migration on onset of mental disorders in relation to duration of residence. Am J Soc Psychol 1983;3:25–32.Google Scholar
Ernst, C, Schmid, G, Angst, J.The Zunch study, XVI: early antecedents of depression. A longitudinal prospective study on incidence in young adults. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1992;242:142–151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Essau, CA, Petermann, E.Increasing depression in children and adolescents. Only early intervention can prevent dire outcome. MMW Fortschr Med 2000;142:40–42.Google ScholarPubMed
Field, T, Diego, M, Sanders, C.Adolescent depression and risk factors. Adolescence 2001; 36(143):491–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Finkelstein, H.The long-term effects of early parent death: a review. J Clin Psychol 1988;44:3–9.3.0.CO;2-1>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farrell, AD, Bruce, SE.Impact of exposure to community violence on violent behaviour and emotional distress among urban adolescents. J Clin Child Psychol 1997;26:2–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fleming, JE, Offord, DR.Epidemiology of chilhood depressive disorders: a critical review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1990;29:571–580.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garrison, CZ, Waller, JL, Cuffe, SP, McKeown, RE, Addy, CL, Jackson, KL.Incidente of major depressive disorder and dysthymia in young adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:458–465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grossman, DC, Milligan, BC, Deyo, RA.Risk factors for suicide attempts among Navajo adolescents. Am J Public Health 1991;81:870–874.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hawkins, JD, Catalano, RF, Miller, JY.Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychol Bull 1992;112:64105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jaffee, SR, Moffitt, TE, Caspi, A, Fombonne, E, Poulton, R, Martin, J.Differences in early childhood risk factors for juvenile-onset and adult-onset depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;58:215–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jellinek, MS, Snyder, JB.Depression and suicide in children and adolescents. Pediatr Rev 1998;19:255–264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kandel, DB, Davies, M.Adult sequelae of adolescent depressive symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;43:255–262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kashani, JH, Beck, NC, Hoeper, EW, Fallahi, C, Concoran, CM, McAIlister, JA, et al.Psychiatric disorders in a community sample of adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 1987;144:584–589.Google Scholar
Kessler, RC, McConagle, KA, Zhao, S, Nelson, CB, Hughes, M, Eshleman, S, et al.Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirmayer, LJ, Groleau, D.Affective disorders in cultural context. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2001;24:465–478.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kovacs, M.Rating scale to assess depression in school aged children. Acta Paedopsychiatr 1981;46:305–315.Google Scholar
Krug, EG, Kresnow, M, Peddicord, JP, Dahlberg, LL, Powell, KE, Crosby, AE, et al.Suicide after natural disasters. N Engl J Med 1998;338:373–378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewinsohn, PM, Clarke, GN, Seeley, JR, Rhode, P.Major depression in community adolescents: age at onset, episode duration and time to recurrence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1994;33:809–818.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewinsohn, PM, Rohde, P, Seeley, JR.Major depressive disorder in older adolescents: prevalence, risk factors and clinical implications. Clin Psychol Rev 1998;18:765–794.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larsson, B, Melin, L.Depressive symptoms in Swedish adolescents. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1990;18:91–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacMillan, HL, Boyle, MH, Wong, MY, Duku, EK, Fleming, JE, Walsh, CA.Slapping and spanking in childhood and its association with lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a general population sample. CMAJ 1999;161:805–809.Google Scholar
Mazza, JJ, Reynolds, WM.Exposure to violence in young inner-city adolescents: relationships with suicidal ideation, depression and PTSD symptomology. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1999;27:203–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monroe, SM, Rohde, P, Seeley, JR, Lewinsohn, PM.Life events and depression in adolescence: relationship Ioss as a prospective risk factor for first onset of major depressive disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 1999;108:606–614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oakley-Browne, MA, Joyce, PR, Wells, JE, Bushnell, JA, Homblow, AR.Adverse parenting and other childhood experience as risk factors for depression in women aged 18-44 years. J Affective Disord 1995;34:13–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oldehinkel, AJ, Wittchen, HU, Schuster R Prevalence, 20-month incidence and outcome of unipolar depressive disorders in a community sample of adolescents. Psychol Med 1999;29:655–668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oy, B.Depression inventory for children: validity and reliability. Turk J Psychiatry 1991;2:132–136 [in Turkish].Google Scholar
Radke-Yarrow, M, Cummings, EM, Kuczynsh, L, Chapman, M.Patterns of attachment in two- and three-year-olds in normal families and familias with parental depression. Child Dev 1985;56:884–893.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reinherz, HZ, Frost, AK, Stewart-Berghauer, G, Pakiz, B, Kennedy, K, Schille, C.The many faces of correlates of depressive symptoms in adolescents. J Early Adolesc 1990;10:455–471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reinherz, HZ, Giaconia, RM, Pakiz, B, Silverman, AB, Frost, AK, Lefkowitz, ES.Psychosocial risks for major depression in lote adolescence: a longitudinal community study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993;32:1155–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reinherz, HZ, Giaconia, RM, Carmola Hauf, AM, Wasserman, MS, Paradise, AD.General and specific childhood risk factors for depression and drug disorders by early adulthood. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000;39:223–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Renaud, J, Axelson, D, Birmaher, B.A risk-benefit assessment of pharmacotherapies for clinical depression in children and adolescents. Drug Safety 1999;20:59–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Renouf, AG, Kovacs, M, Mukerji, P.Relationship of depressive, conduct, and comorbid disorders and social functioning in childhood. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:998–1004.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robbins, DR, Alessi, NE, Cook, SC, Poznanski, EO, Yanchyshyn, GW, et al.The use of the research diagnostic criteria for depression in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1982;21:251–255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rutter, M.Clinical implications of attachment concepts: retrospect and prospect. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1995;36:549–571.Google ScholarPubMed
Smucker, MR, Craighead, WE, Craighead, LW, Green, BJ.Normative and reliability data for the children’s depression inventory. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1986;14:25–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strober, M, Green, J, Carlson, G.Reliability of psychiatric diagnosis in hospitalised adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981;38:141–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer, T, Biederman, J, Wilens, T.Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbidity. Pediatr Clin North Am 1999;46:915–927.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tyas, SL, Pederson, LL.Psychosocial factors related to adolescent smoking: a critical review of the literature. Tobacco Control 1998;7:409–420.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Velez, CN, Johnson, J, Cohén, RA longitudinal analysis of selected risk factors for childhood psychopathology. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1989;28:861–864.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weissman, MM, Wolk, S, Goldstein, RB, Moreau, D, Adams, P, Greenwald, S, et al.Depressed adolescents grown up. J Am Med Assoc 1999;281:1701–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wells, VE, Deykin, EY, Klerman, GL.Risk factors for depression in adolescence. Psychiatr Dev 1985;3:83–108.Google ScholarPubMed
Williamson, DE, Ryan, ND, Birmaher, B, Dahl, RE, Kaufman, J, Rao, U, et al.A case-control family history study of depression in adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995;34:1596–607.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woods, ER, Lin, VG, Middleman, A, Beckford, P, Chase, L, DuRant, RH.The association of suicide attempts with other risk behaviours in adolescents in Massachusetts. Pediatrics 1997;99:791–796.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yorukoglu, A.Family and child: separation of the family. 4th. ed. Istanbul: Ozgur Press; 1992.Google Scholar
Yurdukoru, B, Demirbas, H, Bayatli, V.Investigation of depression using Beck depression inventory in dentistry students. Ankara Univ Hekim Fak Derg 1989;16:117–121 [in Turkish].Google ScholarPubMed
Zimmerman, MA, Copeland, LA, Shope, JT, Dielman, TE.A longitudinal study of self-esteem: implications for adolescent development. J Youth Adolesc 1997;26:117–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zwaigenbaum, L, Szatmari, P, Boyle, MH, Offord, DR.Highly somatizing young adolescents and the risk of depression. Pediatrics 1999;103:1203–1209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed