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Violencia en el lugar de trabajo: una encuesta del personal de enfermería

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

Dorota Merecz ,
Joanna Rymaszewska ,
Agnieszka Mościcka ,
Andrzej Kiejna  and
Joanna Jarosz-Nowak
Dorota Merecz
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psicología del Trabajo, Instituto Nofer de Medicina Ocupacional, Lodz, Polonia
Joanna Rymaszewska
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Formación Médica de Graduados, Universidad Médica de Wroclaw, Ul Pasteura 10, 50-367 , Wroclaw, Polonia
Agnieszka Mościcka
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psicología del Trabajo, Instituto Nofer de Medicina Ocupacional, Lodz, Polonia
Andrzej Kiejna
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Formación Médica de Graduados, Universidad Médica de Wroclaw, Ul Pasteura 10, 50-367 , Wroclaw, Polonia
Joanna Jarosz-Nowak
Affiliation:
Instituto de Matemáticas, Universidad de Tecnología de Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Polonia
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Resumen

Antecedentes.

– En el sector sanitario, el personal de enfermería es uno de los grupos más expuestos a la violencia en todo el mundo. Sin embargo, no es obvio que el personal de enfermería psiquiátrica (PEP) esté más expuesto a la agresión y el agotamiento laboral (burnout).

Objetivos.

– Determinar la naturaleza y los efectos de los actos agresivos hacia el personal de enfermería en los servicios psiquiátricos y otros servicios médicos en Polonia.

Metodos.

– Se distribuyó diversos cuestionarios (Escala de Estrés en el Trabajo, Cuestionario de Salud General, Inventario de Agotamiento Laboral de Maslach, Escala de Satisfacción Laboral) entre miembros del personal de enfermería psiquiátrica (PEP, n = 78) y no psiquiátrica (PENP, n = 335). Se alcanzó una tasa de respuesta del 92,6%.

Resultados.

– Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el PEP y el PENP con respecto a sus experiencias de violencia. El incidente comunicado con más frecuencia era el abuso verbal, seguido por las amenazas y la agresión física. Los pacientes eran los autores de manera significativamente más frecuente en las salas psiquiátricas que en las otras salas. El nivel de agresión entre el personal no variaba significativamente entre los grupos, ni tampoco el nivel de satisfacción laboral y de absentismo.

Conclusión.

– La frecuencia de los actos violentos y el estrés relacionado con ellos señala la gran necesidad del desarrollo de programas preventivos para abordar la cuestión de la violencia en el trabajo.

Keywords

ViolenciaLugar de trabajoPersonal de enfermeríaAgotamiento Laboral (Bumout)
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 14 , Issue 1 , February 2007 , pp. 17 - 26
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2007

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