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Anxiety symptoms in a major mood and schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2020

B. Karpov ,
G. Joffe ,
K. Aaltonen ,
J. Suvisaari ,
I. Baryshnikov ,
P. Näätänen ,
M. Koivisto ,
T. Melartin ,
J. Oksanen  and
K. Suominen
...Show all authors
B. Karpov
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 22 (Välskärinkatu 12 A)Helsinki00014, Finland
G. Joffe
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 22 (Välskärinkatu 12 A)Helsinki00014, Finland
K. Aaltonen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 22 (Välskärinkatu 12 A)Helsinki00014, Finland
J. Suvisaari
Affiliation:
Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Mannerheimintie 166Helsinki00271, Finland
I. Baryshnikov
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 22 (Välskärinkatu 12 A)Helsinki00014, Finland
P. Näätänen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 22 (Välskärinkatu 12 A)Helsinki00014, Finland
M. Koivisto
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 22 (Välskärinkatu 12 A)Helsinki00014, Finland
T. Melartin
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO Box 590Helsinki00029, Finland
J. Oksanen
Affiliation:
Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Mannerheimintie 166Helsinki00271, Finland
K. Suominen
Affiliation:
Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Mannerheimintie 166Helsinki00271, Finland Department of Social Services and Health Care, Helsinki, Finland
M. Heikkinen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 22 (Välskärinkatu 12 A)Helsinki00014, Finland
T. Paunio
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 22 (Välskärinkatu 12 A)Helsinki00014, Finland Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Mannerheimintie 166Helsinki00271, Finland
E. Isometsä*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 22 (Välskärinkatu 12 A)Helsinki00014, Finland Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Mannerheimintie 166Helsinki00271, Finland
*
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +358 9 4711; fax: +358 9 471 6373. E-mail address:erkki.isometsa@hus.fi (E. Isometsä).
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Abstract

Background

Comorbid anxiety symptoms and disorders are present in many psychiatric disorders, but methodological variations render comparisons of their frequency and intensity difficult. Furthermore, whether risk factors for comorbid anxiety symptoms are similar in patients with mood disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders remains unclear.

Methods

The Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) was used to measure anxiety symptoms in psychiatric care patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SSA, n = 113), bipolar disorder (BD, n = 99), or depressive disorder (DD, n = 188) in the Helsinki University Psychiatric Consortium Study. Bivariate correlations and multivariate linear regression models were used to examine associations of depressive symptoms, neuroticism, early psychological trauma and distress, self-efficacy, symptoms of borderline personality disorder, and attachment style with anxiety symptoms in the three diagnostic groups.

Results

Frequent or constant anxiety was reported by 40.2% of SSA, 51.5% of BD, and 55.6% of DD patients; it was described as severe or extreme by 43.8%, 41.4%, and 41.2% of these patients, respectively. SSA patients were significantly less anxious (P = 0.010) and less often avoided anxiety-provoking situations (P = 0.009) than the other patients. In regression analyses, OASIS was associated with high neuroticism, symptoms of depression and borderline personality disorder and low self-efficacy in all patients, and with early trauma in patients with mood disorders.

Conclusions

Comorbid anxiety symptoms are ubiquitous among psychiatric patients with mood or schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and in almost half of them, reportedly severe. Anxiety symptoms appear to be strongly related to both concurrent depressive symptoms and personality characteristics, regardless of principal diagnosis.

Keywords

AnxietySchizophreniaBipolar disorderDepressionComorbidity
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 37 , September 2016 , pp. 1 - 7
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2016

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Footnotes

1

Tel: +358 9 4711.

2

Tel: +358 29 524 6000.

3

Tel: +358 9 4711; fax: +358 9 471 63735.

4

Tel: +358 40 771 8354.

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