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Cannabis use decreases prefrontal glutamate levels in early psychosis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2020

S. Rigucci ,
L. Xin ,
P. Klauser ,
P.S. Baumann ,
L. Alameda ,
M. Cleusix ,
J. Raoul ,
C. Ferrari ,
M. Pompili  and
R. Gruetter
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S. Rigucci
Affiliation:
Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, CHUV, department of general psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland Sapienza university of Rome, department of neurosciences, mental health and sensory organs, Rome, Italy
L. Xin
Affiliation:
École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, center for biomedical imaging CIBM, Lausanne, Switzerland
P. Klauser
Affiliation:
Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, CHUV, department of general psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland
P.S. Baumann
Affiliation:
Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, CHUV, department of general psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland
L. Alameda
Affiliation:
Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, CHUV, department of general psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland
M. Cleusix
Affiliation:
Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, CHUV, center for psychiatric neuroscience, Lausanne, Switzerland
J. Raoul
Affiliation:
Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, CHUV, center for psychiatric neuroscience, Lausanne, Switzerland
C. Ferrari
Affiliation:
Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, CHUV, department of general psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland
M. Pompili
Affiliation:
Sapienza university of Rome, department of neurosciences, mental health and sensory organs, Rome, Italy
R. Gruetter
Affiliation:
École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, laboratory of functional and metabolic imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
K. Do Cuenod
Affiliation:
Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, CHUV, center for psychiatric neuroscience, Lausanne, Switzerland
P. Conus
Affiliation:
Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, CHUV, department of general psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland

Abstract

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Recent evidences have consistently reported lower glutamate (Glu) levels in various brain regions, including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), in chronic schizophrenia but findings in the early (EP) or in the prodromal phase of the disorder are equivocal. Although regular cannabis use has been associated with an increased risk of subsequent psychosis and with a perturbed Glu signalling, to date, the critical question of whether or not Glu abnormalities exist in EP and are related to cannabis use remains unanswered. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure [GlumPFC] of 35 EP subjects (18 of whom were regular cannabis users) and 33 healthy controls (HC). For correlative analysis, neuropsychological performances were scored by a comprehensive cognitive battery. [GlumPFC] was lower in EP users comparing to both HC and EP non-users (P = 0.001 and P = 0.01, respectively), while no differences were observed between HC and EP non-users. In EP users Glu declined with age (r = −0.46; P = 0.04) but this relationship was not observed in non-users. Among neuropsychological profiles, working memory was the only domain that differentiates patients depending on their cannabis use, with users having poorer performances. In summary, our research revealed that cannabis use in EP is associated with Glu decreased levels, which are normally not seen in the early phase of the disorder. This finding is in line with previous 1H-MRS studies in cannabis users without a psychotic disorder and sheds light for the role of cannabis use in the progression of the disease.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Type
e-Poster Walk: Neuroimaging and neuroscience in psychiatry
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 41 , Issue S1: Abstract of the 25th European Congress of Psychiatry , April 2017 , pp. S349 - S350
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2017
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