The Chinese version of the brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia: Data of a large-scale Mandarin-speaking population

Abstract

Objective

The brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia (BACS) is a cognitive assessment tool used to measure the broad aspects of cognition that are most frequently impaired in patients with schizophrenia. This study aims to develop the normative data of the Chinese version of the BACS among the Mandarin-speaking population.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 382 healthy participants (age range: 19–79 years; mean age: 48.0 ± 16.7 years, 47.6% male) in Taiwan, who were evaluated with the BACS. Means and standard deviations of subtests and composite scores were arranged by age group and gender. The Z-scores calculated based on the U.S. norms were compared to our scores based on the norms established in the present study.

Results

The raw scores of all the BACS tests (verbal memory, digit sequencing, token motor test, verbal fluency, symbol coding, and Tower of London) were negatively correlated with participants’ age. Females were superior to males in verbal memory, but inferior to them in executive function. Furthermore, applying the U.S. norms of the BACS to determine the performance of the Chinese BACS results in bias with regard to verbal memory, token motor test, verbal fluency, symbol coding, Tower of London, and composite score.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate that directly applying Western cognitive norms to a Mandarin-speaking population can cause biased interpretations. The results of the current study can be an important reference for clinical settings and research related to cognitive assessments in Mandarin-speaking Chinese populations.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.