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Dopamine D3 receptor agents as potential new medications for drug addiction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

B. Le Foll ,
J.C. Schwartz  and
P. Sokoloff
B. Le Foll*
Affiliation:
Unité de neurobiologie et pharmacologie moléculaire de l'Inserm, Centre Paul Broca, 75014Paris, France
J.C. Schwartz
Affiliation:
Unité de neurobiologie et pharmacologie moléculaire de l'Inserm, Centre Paul Broca, 75014Paris, France
P. Sokoloff
Affiliation:
Unité de neurobiologie et pharmacologie moléculaire de l'Inserm, Centre Paul Broca, 75014Paris, France
*
*Correspondence and reprints: Bernard Le Foll, Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire de l'INSERM, Centre Paul Broca, 2ter rue d'Alésia, F-75014 Paris, France
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Summary

All drugs abused by humans increase dopamine in the shell of nucleus accumbens, which implicate the neurons of this structure in their hedonic and reinforcing properties. Among the various dopamine receptor subtypes, the D1 (D1R) and D3 (D3R) receptors co-localise in accumbal shell neurons. Synergistic D1R/D3R interactions at this level were found on gene expression and during induction and expression of behavioral sensitisation to levodopa in rats bearing unilateral lesions of dopamine neurons. Behavioral sensitisation to abused drugs is a component of their long-term effects. Converging pharmacologic, human postmortem and genetic studies suggest the involvement of the D3R in reinforcing effects of drugs; D3R agonists reduced cocaine self-administration in rats, without disrupting the maintenance of self-administration. These data suggest the use of D3R agonists as partial substitutes to treat cocaine dependence, by affecting its reward component. However, substitution therapies maintain dependence and may be inefficient on drug craving and relapse, which are the unsolved and critical problems in the treatment of drug addiction. Recently, a highly selective and partial D3R agonist was shown to reduce cocaine-associated cue-controlled behaviour in rats, without having any primary intrinsic effects. As drug-associated cues maintain drug-seeking in animals and elicit craving and relapse in humans, such D3R agents have potential therapeutic applications.

Keywords

behavioral sensitisationcocainedrug-associated cuesnucleus accumbens shellsynergism
Type
Original Article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 15 , Issue 2 , March 2000 , pp. 140 - 146
Copyright
Copyright © Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS 2000

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