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Latent classes in diagnoses among psychiatric inpatients predicting mortality and imprisonment – a nationwide cohort study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2020

H.K. Carlsen ,
S. Steingrimsson ,
M.I. Sigurdsson ,
S. Sigfússon  and
A. Magnússon
H.K. Carlsen
Affiliation:
Mental Health Services, Landspitali–National University Hospital, Eiriksgata 5, 101Reykajvík, Iceland Faculty of medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101Reykhavík, Iceland
S. Steingrimsson*
Affiliation:
Centre of Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Hoppets väg 13, Box 100, 40530Gothenburg, Sweden
M.I. Sigurdsson
Affiliation:
Mental Health Services, Landspitali–National University Hospital, Eiriksgata 5, 101Reykajvík, Iceland
S. Sigfússon
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Akureyri Hospital, Eyrarlandsvegi, 600Akureyri, Iceland
A. Magnússon
Affiliation:
Mental Health Services, Landspitali–National University Hospital, Eiriksgata 5, 101Reykajvík, Iceland
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail address:Steinn.steingrimsson@neuro.gu.se
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Abstract

Purpose

Identify risk factors of death or imprisonment within classes defined by demographic factors and diagnoses within one year of first psychiatric admission.

Methods

Nationwide data was obtained from hospital registers from psychiatric hospitals in Iceland 1983–2007. Mortality and cause of death as well as information about imprisonments during the study period, and discharge diagnoses for the first year after initial admission were obtained for each individual. Individuals aged 18 during the study period with at least one year of follow-up were included. Latent Class Analysis was used to identify groups with distinguishable risk of either being alive, dead or having been imprisoned at the end of follow-up.

Results

Among psychiatric patients, 4677 were included, average age was 27 years (range 18–43). Four latent classes were identified with different risks of adverse outcomes. Class B (16%), predominantly males with substance use disorder (SUD) diagnoses, had highly increased risk of imprisonment and death accounting for 85 and 34% of these outcomes, respectively. Class A (12%), all with alcohol use disorder, had similar mortality rate as the general population and no imprisonments. Class C (23%) were younger at first admission with some SUD and increased risk of mortality. Class D (46%) had increased mortality rate, SUDs were rare but depression common.

Conclusions

Risk of mortality and criminal trends among psychiatric inpatients can be described as distinct clusters of risk factors present at first admission to a psychiatric hospital. Treatment and interventions to reduce mortality and criminality should take these risk differences into account.

Keywords

Inpatient mental servicesMental illnessAffective disordersSurvivalImprisonment
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 39 , January 2017 , pp. 93 - 98
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier Masson SAS 2017

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