Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T19:20:40.645Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mild cognitive dysfunction in physically asymptomatic HIV infection: recent research evidence and professional implications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

M Maj
M Maj*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, First Medical School, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
*
**Correspondence and reprints: Clinica Psichiatrica, Primo Policlinico Universitario, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, I-80138 Napoli, Italy

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Cognitive abnormalities may occur in the physically asymptomatic phases of the infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and poor education may represent a risk factor for their development. These abnormalities are usually mild, and apparently do not affect subjects’ daily living performance, although this notion should be regarded as preliminary, due to the present primitive stage of development of the instruments which assess functioning in daily living activities. The above evidence has emerged from the cross-sectional phase of the WHO Neuropsychiatric AIDS Study, carried out in the five geographic areas predominantly affected by the HIV epidemic (sub-Saharian Africa, Latin America, North America, South-East Asia, Western Europe), on subject samples that are representative of the whole population of HIV-infected persons living in those areas. The professional implications of HIV-associated early cognitive dysfunction are open to research: for example the current debate on the impact of dysfunction on aviation-related skills emphasizes the need for test batteries with a higher predictive potential than those presently available.

Keywords

HIV infectioncognitive suppressionWHO Neuropsychiatric AIDS study
Type
Editorial
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 8 , Issue 4 , 1993 , pp. 173 - 177
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier, Paris 1993

Footnotes

*

This paper is based on plenary lectures presented by the author at the VIII International Conference on AIDS, Amsterdam, July 23, 1992, and at the Symposium on “Neuroscience of HIV Infection”, Vienna, June 4, 1993.

References

Aerospace Medical Association (1992) HIV positivity and aviation safety. Aviat Space Environ Med 63, 375–377Google Scholar
American Academy of Neurology AIDS Task Force (1991) Nomenclature and research case definitions for the neurological manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection,Neurology 41, 778–785CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgess, ARiccio, M (1992) Cognitive impairment and dementia in HIV-1 infection. Baillière Clin Neurol 1, 155–174Google ScholarPubMed
Chapman, LJChapman, JP (1988) The genesis of delusions. In: Delusional Beliefs (Oltmanns, TFMaher, BA eds). Wiley, New YorkGoogle Scholar
Maj, M (1990) Psychiatric aspects of HIV-1 infection and AIDS, Psychol Med 20, 547–563CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maj, MD’Elia, LSatz, PJanssen, RZaudig, MUchiyama, CStarace, FGalderisi, SChervinsky, A (1993) Evaluation of two new neuropsychological tests designed to minimize cultural bias in the assessment of HIV-1 seropositive persons. A WHO study.Arch Clin Neuropsychol 8, 123–136CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maj, MJanssen, RSatz, PZaudig, MStarace, FBoor, DSughondhabirom, BBing, ELuabeya, MNdetei, DRiedel, RSchulte, GSartorius, N (1991) The World Health Organization’s cross-cultural study on neuropsychiatric aspects of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Preparation and pilot phase. Br J Psychiatry 159, 351–356CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maj, MJanssen, RStarace, FZaudig, MSatz, PSughondhabirom, BLuabeya, MRiedel, RNdetei, DCalil, HBing, ESt Louis, MSartorius, N (1993) WHO Neuropsychiatric AIDS Study, cross-sectional phase. I. Study design and psychiatric findings. Arch Gen Psychiatry (a) (in press)Google Scholar
Maj, MSatz, PJanssen, RZaudig, MStarace, FD'Elia, LSughondhabirom, BMussa, MNaber, DNdetei, DSchulte, GSartorius, N (1993) WHO Neuropsychiatry AIDS Study, cross-sectional phase. II. Neuropsychological and neurological findings. Arch Gen Psychiatry (b) (in press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maj, MStarace, FSartorius, N (1993) Mental Disorders in HIV-1 infection and AIDS. Hogrefe & Huber, SeattleGoogle Scholar
Mapou, RLKay, GGRundell, JRTemoshok, L(1993) Measuring performance decrements in aviation personnel infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Aviat Space Environ Med 64, 158–164Google ScholarPubMed
Satz, P (1993) Threshold theory: brain reserve capacity and symptom onset after brain injury. Neuropsychology (in press)Google Scholar
Satz, PMorgenstern, HMiller, ENSelnes, OAMcArthur, JCCohen, BAWesch, JBecker, JTJacobson, LD'Elia, LFvan Gorp, WVisscher, B (1993) Low education as a possible risk factor for early cognitive abnormalities in HIV-1. In: New Findings from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). AIDSGoogle Scholar
Seines, OAMcArthur, JC (1992) Neuropsychological assessment of HIV-seropositive hemophiliacs, AIDS 6, 435–436Google Scholar
Selnes, OAMiller, EN (1993) Asymptomatic HIV-1 infection and aviation safety, Aviat Space Environ Med 64, 172–173Google ScholarPubMed
Zaudig, MMittelhammer, JHiller, WPauls, AThora, CMorinigo, AMombour, W (1991) SIDAM: a structured interview for the diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer type, multi-infarct dementia and dementias of other ethiology according to ICD-10 and DSM III-R. Psychol Med 21, 225–236CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.