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A protective genetic variant for adverse environments? The role of childhood traumas and serotonin transporter gene on resilience and depressive severity in a high-risk population

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

V. Carli ,
L. Mandelli ,
L. Zaninotto ,
A. Roy ,
L. Recchia ,
L. Stoppia ,
V. Gatta ,
M. Sarchiapone  and
A. Serretti
V. Carli
Affiliation:
Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy National Prevention of Suicide and Mental-Ill Health (NASP) at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
L. Mandelli*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Italy
L. Zaninotto
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Italy
A. Roy
Affiliation:
Psychiatry Service, Department of Veteran Affairs, New Jersey, USA
L. Recchia
Affiliation:
Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
L. Stoppia
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
V. Gatta
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
M. Sarchiapone
Affiliation:
Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
A. Serretti
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Italy
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail address: laura.mandelli@unibo.it (L. Mandelli).
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Abstract

Genetic aspects may influence the effect of early adverse events on psychological well being in adulthood. In particular, a common polymorphism within the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR short/long) has been associated to the risk for stress-induced psychopathology. In the present study we investigated the role of childhood traumas and 5-HTTLPR on measures of psychological resilience and depression in a sample of individuals at a high risk for psychological distress (763 male prisoners). The 5-HTTLPR genotype did not influence resilience and depressive severity. However, a significant interaction was observed between 5-HTTLPR and childhood traumas on both resilience and depressive severity. In particular, among subjects exposed to severe childhood trauma only, the long-allele was associated to lower resilience scores and increased current depressive severity as compared to short/short homozygous. Sex specific effects, difference in type and duration of stressors and the specific composition of the sample may explain discrepancy with many studies reporting the short-allele as a vulnerability factor for reactivity to stress. We here speculated that in males the long-allele may confer lower resilience and therefore higher vulnerability for depressive symptoms in subjects exposed to early stress and currently living in stressful environments.

Keywords

Affective disordersStressGenetics
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 26 , Issue 8 , November 2011 , pp. 471 - 478
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier Masson SAS 2011

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