Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T17:37:02.843Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Reciprocal influences between clinical and biological research in shaping the modern concept of schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

M Maj  and
D Kemali
M Maj
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, First Medical School, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
D Kemali
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, First Medical School, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
Get access

Summary

The contribution of biological psychiatry to research on schizophrenia should not be seen only in terms of discovery of biological markers or identification of definite etiological factors. Although biological research has failed up to now to identify such markers or factors, its influence on the clinical conceptualization of the illness has been considerable. On the other hand, biological research on schizophrenia has not been insensitive to the continuous re-shaping of the clinical concept of the illness which occurred during the last decades. There are at least three issues for which this reciprocal influence can be identified: 1), the question of the symptoms to be included in the definition of schizophrenia; 2), the problem of the relationship between “core” schizophrenia and mild non-psychotic conditions such as schizoid and schizotypal disorders; 3), the issue whether schizophrenia represents a mixture of different entities or a basically unitary condition.

Keywords

schizophreniaschizophrenic spectrumclinical researchbiological research
Type
Editorial
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 6 , Issue 3 , 1991 , pp. 109 - 114
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier, Paris 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (1968) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association. Washington. 2nd, ednGoogle Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, 3rd ednGoogle Scholar
Andreasen, NC (1985) Positive vs negative schizophrenia: a critical evaluation. Schizophr Bull 11, 380–389CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andreasen, NC (1988) The clinical differentiation of affective and schizophrenic disorders.In: Affective and Schizophrenic Disorders (Zales, M ed), Brunner/Mazel, NY1 29–52Google Scholar
Aschauer, HNAschauer-Treiber, GIsenberg, KETodd, RDKnesevich, MAGarver, DLReich, TCloninger, CR (1990) No evidence for linkage between chromosome 5 markers and schizophrenia. Hum Hered 40, 109–115CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braff, DL (1981) Impaired speed of information processing in nonmedicated schizotypal patients. Schizophr Bull 7, 499–508CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buchsbaum, MSDeLisi, LEHolcomb, HHCappelletti, JKing, ACJohnson, JHazlett, EDowling-Zimmerman, SPost, RMMorihisa, JCarpenter, WTCohen, RPiekar, DWeinberger, DRMargolin, RKessler, RM (1984) Anteroposterior gradients in cerebral glucose use in schizophrenia and affective disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41, 1159CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carpenter, WTHeinrichs, DWWagman, AMI (1988) Deficit and nondeficit forms of schizophrenia: the concept. Am J Psychiatry 145, 578–583Google Scholar
Chouinard, GJones, BD (1979) Evidence of brain dopamine deficiency in schizophrenia. Can J Psychiatry 24, 661–667CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crow, TJ (1980) Molecular pathology of schizophrenia: more than one disease process? Br Med J 280, 66–68CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farde, LWiesel, FAHall, HHalldin, CStone-Elander, SSedvall, G (1987) No D2 receptor increase in PET study of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44, 671–672CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fleishhaker, WWBarnas, CStuppack, CUnterweger, BHinterhuber, H (1987) Zotepine in the treatment of negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia. Pharmacopsychiatry 20, 58–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garver, DL (1987) Methodological issues facing the interpretation of high-risk studies : biological heterogeneity. Schizophr Bull 18, 525–529CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, JMSantangelo, SLSimpson, JCTsuang, MT (1990) The role of gender in identifying subtypes of schizophrenia: a latent class analytic approach. Schizophr Bull 16, 263–275CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Green, MWalker, E (1984) Susceptibility to backward masking in schizophrenics with positive versus negative symptoms. Am J Psychiatry 141, 1273–1275Google Scholar
Johnstone, ECCrow, TJFrith, CDHusband, JKreel, L (1976) Cerebral ventricular size and cognitive impairment in chronic schizophrenia. Lancet ii, 924–926CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kendler, KSHays, Ρ (1982) Familial and sporadic schizophrenia: a symptomatic, prognostic, and EEG comparison. Am J Psychiatry 139, 1557–1562Google ScholarPubMed
Kendler, KSGruenberg, AMStrauss, JS (1981) An independent analysis of the Copenhagen sample of the Danish adoption study of schizophrenia. II. The relationship between schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 38, 982–984CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kety, SS (1983) Mental illness in the biological and adoptive relatives of schizophrenic adoptees. Findings relevant to genetic and environmental factors in etiology. Am J Psychiatry 140, 720–727Google ScholarPubMed
Kinney, DKJacobsen, S (1978) Environmental factors in schizophrenia: new adoption evidence.In: The Nature of Schizophrenia : New Approaches to Research and Treatment (Wynne, LCCromwell, RLMatthysse, S eds) Wiley, NY, 38–51Google Scholar
Kleinman, JEWeinberger, DRRogol, AOBigelow, LBKlein, STGillin, JCWyatt, RJ (1982) Plasma prolactin concentrations and psychopathology in chronic schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 39, 655–657CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewis, SWMurray, RM (1987) Obstetric complications, neurodevelopmental deviance, and risk of schizophrenia. J Psychiatry Res 21, 413–421CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lyons, MJKremen, WSTsuang, MTFaraone, SV (1989) Investigating putative genetic and environmental forms of schizophrenia: methods and findings. Int Rev Psychiatry 1, 259–276CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maj, M (1984) Evolution of the American concept of schizoaffective psychoses. Neuropsychobiology 11, 7–13CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maj, M (1989) Nosology of schizophrenia and schizophrenic spectrum: return to Bleuler?In: Schizophrenia: A Psychobiological View (Casacchia, MRossi, A eds) Kluwer, Dordrecht, 17–30Google Scholar
Murray, RMLewis, SReveley, AM (1985) Towards an aetiological classification of schizophrenia. Lancet i: 1023–1027CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nuechterlein, KHEdell, WSNorris, MDawson, ME (1986) Attentional vulnerability indicators, thought disorder, and negative symptoms. Schizophr Bull 12, 408–426CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Owen, FCross, AJCrow, TJLongden, APoulter, MRiley, GJ (1978) Increased dopamine-receptor sensitivity in schizophrenia. Lancet ii, 223CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pickar, DLabarca, RDoran, ARWolkowitz, OMRay, ABreier, ALinnoila, MPaul, SM (1986) Longitudinal measurement of plasma homovanillic acid levels in schizophrenic patients : correlation with psychosis and response to neuroleptic treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43, 669–676CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Randrup, AMunkvad, I (1972) Evidence indicating an association between schizophrenia and dopaminergic hyperactivity in the brain. Orthomol Psychiatry 1, 2–7Google Scholar
Shelton, RCWeinberger, DR (1986) X-ray computed tomographic studies in schizophrenia: a review and synthesis.In: Handbook of Schizophrenia (Nasrallah, HAWeinberger, DR eds) Elsevier, Amsterdam, vol 1, 207–250Google Scholar
Shur, E (1982) Season of birth in high and low genetic risk schizophrenics. Br J Psychiatry 140, 410–415CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siever, LJCoursey, RDAlterman, ISBuchsbaum, MSMurphy, DL (1984) Smooth pursuit eye movement impairment : a vulnerability marker for schizotypal personality disorder in a volunteer population. Am J Psychiatry 141, 1560–1566Google Scholar
Siever, LJCoccaro, EKlar, HZemishlany, ZDavidson, MLosonczy, MFSilverman, JMohs, RCDavis, KL (1986) Boundaries of schizophrenia with schizophrenia-related personality disorders: biologic studies. Clin Neuropharmacol 9 (suppl 4) 274–275Google Scholar
Spitzer, RLEndicott, JRobins, E(1985) Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for a Selected Group of Functional Disorders. Biometrics Research, NY (2nd edn)Google Scholar
Tandon, RGreden, JF (1989) Cholinergic hyperactivity and negative schizophrenic symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46, 745–753CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker, EShaye, J (1982) Familial schizophrenia: a predictor of neuromotor and attentional abnormalities in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 39, 1153–1156CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, ELewine, RJ (1988) The positive/negative distinction in schizophrenia. Validity and etiological relevance. Schizophr Res 1, 315–328CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization (1977) International Classification of Diseases. 9th Revision. World Health Organization, GenevaGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.