Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T06:44:19.207Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Reliability of the Spanish version of the Composite Scale of Morningness

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

A. Adan ,
H. Caci  and
G. Prat
A. Adan*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d’Hebrón 171, 08035Barcelona, Spain
H. Caci
Affiliation:
Service de pédiatrie, hôpital Archet-2, CHU de Nice, 151, route de Saint-Antoine-de-Ginestière, 06202Nice cedex 3, France
G. Prat
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d’Hebrón 171, 08035Barcelona, Spain
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail address:aadan@ub.edu (A. Adan).
Get access

Abstract

Aim

The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of the Spanish version of Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) and its ability to measure the circadian typology.

Subjects and methods

Voluntary and unpaid psychology students (N = 391; 132 men and 259 women), aged between 17 and 33, completed the questionnaire between the months of September and December.

Results

The total score was independent of age and gender, with a close to normal distribution and a non-significant negative skewness. The internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s α = 0.87) and factor analysis extracted three factors labeled Time of Retiring (items 2 and 7), Activity Planning (items 8, 9, and 13) and Morning Affect (items 3–6, and 10–12). With the 10th and 90th percentiles as cut-off scores, scorers below 22 (N = 40; 10.2%) are classified as evening-types and scorers above 39 as morning-types (N = 28; 7.2%).

Conclusion

The Spanish questionnaire shares most of the good psychometric properties of other versions of the CSM, and thus can be used for Spanish-speaking student samples. Nevertheless, further studies of normative data in workers and aged subjects are needed in order to validate CSM.

Keywords

ChronobiologyCircadian rhythmsChronotypeMorningnessEveningnessQuestionnaireGender differences
Type
Scales and Measurement of Psychopathology
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 20 , Issue 7 , November 2005 , pp. 503 - 509
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier SAS 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adan, A., Almirall, H.Standardization of a reduced scale of morningness in Spanish population: individual differences. Psicothema 1990;2:137–149.Google Scholar
Adan, A., Almirall, H.Horne and Östberg Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire: a reduced scale. Person Individ Diff 1991;12:241–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adan, A., Natale, V.Gender differences in morningness–eveningness preference. Chronobiol Int 2002;19:709–720.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alzani, A., Natale, V.Uno strumento per la valutazione delle differenze individuali nei ritmi circadiani: une versione italiana della Composite Scale of Morningness. Testing Psicom Metodol 1998;5:19–31.Google Scholar
Barrett, P.Factor comparison: an examination of three methods. Person Individ Diff 1986;7:327–340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, F.M.Psychometric equivalence of an improved Basic Language Morningness (BALM) Scale using industrial population within comparisons. Ergonom 1993;36:191–197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caci, H., Adan, A., Bohlé, P., Natale, V., Pornpitakpan, C., Tilley, A.Transcultural properties of the Composite Scale of Morningness: the relevance of the Morning Affect factor. Chronobiol Int 2005;22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caci, H., Nadalet, L., Staccini, P., Myquel, M., Boyer, P.Psychometric properties of the French version of the Composite Scale of Morningness in adults. Eur Psychiatry 1999;14:284–290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caci, H., Nadalet, L., Staccini, P., Myquel, M., Boyer, P.The Composite Scale of Morningness: further psychometric properties and temporal stability. Eur Psychiatry 2000;15:278–281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caci, H., Robert, P., Boyer, P.Novelty seekers and impulsives subjects are low in morningness. Eur Psychiatry 2004;19:79–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caci, H., Robert, P.H., Dossios, C., Boyer, P. Morningness–Eveningness for Children Scale: psychometric properties and month of birth effect. L’échelle de Matinalité pour enfants et adolescents: propriétés psychométriques et effet du mois de naissance. Encephale 2005in press].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrier, J., Monk, T.H.Circadian rhythms of performance: new trends. Chronobiol Int 2000;17:719–732.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carrier, J., Monk, T.H., Buysse, D.J., Kupfer, D.J.Sleep and morningness–eveningness in the middle years of life (20–59 years). J Sleep Res 1997;6:230–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chelminski, I., Ferraro, F.R., Petros, T., Plaud, J.J.Horne and Östberg questionnaire: a score distribution in a large sample of young adults. Person Individ Diff 1997;23:647–652.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chelminski, I., Petros, T.V., Plaud, J.J., Ferraro, F.R.Psychometric properties of the reduced Horne and Östberg questionnaire. Person Individ Diff 2000;29:469–478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De La Iglesia, H.O., Cambras, T., Schwartz, W.J., Diez-Noguera, A.A forced desynchronization of dual circadian oscillators within the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Curr Biol 2004;14:796–800.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diaz, J.F., Aparicio, M.Relationships between morningness–eveningness and personality styles. Ann Psychol 2003;19:247–256.Google Scholar
Duffy, J.F., Czeisler, C.A.Age-related change in the relationship between circadian period, circadian phase, and diurnal preference in humans. Neurosci Lett 2002;318:117–120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenwood, K.M.Psychometric properties of the Diurnal Type Scale of Torsvall and Åkerstedt (1980). Ergonom 1991;34:435–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenwood, K.M.Long-term stability and psychometric properties of the Composite Scale of Morningness. Ergonom 1994;37:377–383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenwood, K.M.An evaluation of the Circadian Type Questionnaire. Ergonom 1995;38:347–360.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horne, J.A., Östberg, O.A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness–eveningness in human circadian rhythms. Int J Chronobiol 1976;4:97–110.Google ScholarPubMed
Kerkhof, G.A.Inter-individual differences in the human circadian system: a review. Biol Psychol 1985;20:83–112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, S., Dueker, G.L., Hasher, L., Goldstein, D.Children’s time of day preference: age, gender and ethnic differences. Person Individ Diff 2002;33:1083–1090.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mecacci, L., Zani, A., Rocchetti, G., Lucioli, R.The relationships between morningness–eveningness, ageing and personality. Person Individ Diff 1986;7:911–913.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muthén, B.O.Beyond SEM: general latent variable modeling. Behaviormetrika 2002;29:81–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muthén, L.K., Muthén, B.O.Mplus 2.0 User’s Guide Los Angeles, CA: Muthén and Muthén; 1998.Google Scholar
Natale, V., Adan, A.Season of birth modulates morningness–eveningness preference in humans. Neurosci Lett 1999;274:139–141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Natale, V., Adan, A., Chotai, J.Further results on the association between morningness–eveningness preference and the season of birth in human adults. Neuropsychopharmacology 2002;46:209–214.Google ScholarPubMed
Natale, V., Alzani, A.Additional validity evidence for the Composite Scale of Morningness. Person Individ Diff 2001;30:293–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neubauer, A.C.Psychometric comparison of two circadian rhythm questionaires and their relationship with personality. Person Individ Diff 1992;13:125–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, Y.M., Matzumoto, K., Seo, Y.J., Kang, M.G., Nagashima, H.Effects of age and gender on sleep habits and sleep trouble for aged people. Biol Rhythms Res 2002;33:39–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pornpitakpan, C.Psychometric properties of the Composite Scale of Morningness: a shortened version. Person Individ Diff 1998;25:699–709.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rensing, L., Meyer-Grahle, U., Ruoff, P.Biological timing and the clock metaphor: oscillatory and hourglass mechanisms. Chronobiol Int 2001;18:329–369.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, C.S., Folkard, S., Schmieder, R.A., Parra, L.F, Spelten, E., Almirall, H., et al.Multinational investigation of morning-evening orientation using a new measure of morningness. Person Individ Dif 2002;32:949–968.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, C.S., Reilly, C., Midkiff, K.Evaluation of three circadian rhythm questionnaires with suggestions for an improved measure of morningness. J Appl Psychol, 1989;74(5):728–738.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Statacorp Stata Statistical Software: Release 7.0 College Station, TX: Stata Press; 2000.Google Scholar
Tankova, I., Adan, A., Buela-Casal, G.Circadian typology and individual differences. A review. Person Individ Diff 1994;16:671–684.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torsvall, L., Åkerstedt, T.A Diurnal Type Scale. Construction, consistency and validation in shift work. Scand J Work Environ Health 1980;6:283–290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vink, J.M., Groot, A.S., Kerkhof, G.A., Boomsma, D.I.Genetic analysis of morningness and eveningness. Chronobiol Int 2001;18:809–822.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waterhouse, J., Folkard, S., Van Dongen, H., Minors, D., Osens, D., Kekhof, G., et al.Temperature profiles, and the effect of sleep on them, in relation to morningness–eveningness in healthy female subjects. Chronobiol Int 2001;18:227–247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, G.D.Personality, time of day and arousal. Person Individ Diff 1990;11:153–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zickar, M.J., Russell, S.S., Smith, C.S., Bohlé, P., Tilley, A.J.Evaluating two morningness scales with item response theory. Person Individ Diff 2002;33:11–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.