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Temporal association of onset of daily smoking with adolescent substance use and psychiatric morbidity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

Risto Ilomäki ,
Kaisa Riala ,
Helinä Hakko ,
Jaakko Lappalainen ,
Taru Ollinen ,
Pirkko Räsänen  and
Markku Timonen
Risto Ilomäki*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Box 5000, FIN-90014, Finland
Kaisa Riala
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Box 5000, FIN-90014, Finland Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Box 26, 90029OYS, Finland
Helinä Hakko
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Box 5000, FIN-90014, Finland Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Box 26, 90029OYS, Finland
Jaakko Lappalainen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Taru Ollinen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Box 26, 90029OYS, Finland
Pirkko Räsänen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Box 26, 90029OYS, Finland
Markku Timonen
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, University of Oulu, Box 5000, FIN-90014, Finland
*
*Corresponding author. Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Box 5000, FIN-90014, Finland. Tel.: +358 8 315 6910; fax: +358 8 333 167. E-mail address: rilomaki@mail.student.oulu.fi (R. Ilomäki).
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Abstract

Objective

The association between cigarette smoking and psychiatric disorders is well established for adult populations. However, only limited number of studies has investigated whether the young onset age of daily smoking (DS) among adolescents is associated with psychiatric morbidity and vice versa.

Methods

Data from 508 adolescents admitted to psychiatric hospitalization were collected. Cox proportional hazard model were used to compare the initiation of DS between adolescents with and without substance use (SUD), and other psychiatric disorders.

Results

Rates of DS were high in each diagnostic category. Boys started smoking at younger age (mean 12.4 years) than girls (13.0 years). Both boys and girls diagnosed with conduct or oppositional defiant disorders (COD) and also girls with SUD started daily smoking earlier as compared to those of same gender without these disorders.COD were found to be primary to the initiation of DS among boys. SUD, psychotic, and depressive disorders (DEP) were found to be secondary to DS among both genders.

Conclusions

DS in adolescence is related with later SUD. COD are associated with subsequent initiation of DS among boys. The temporal gap between smoking initiation and COD is shorter among girls. Gender difference plays a role in association of DS and DEP. Initiation of DS at very early age should alert health care professionals of development of later psychopathology, especially SUD.

Keywords

Daily smokingOnset ageComorbidityTemporalityAdolescent
Type
Original articles
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 23 , Issue 2 , March 2008 , pp. 85 - 91
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier Masson SAS 2008

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