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White matter microstructure associated with the range of attentional and impulsive performance in school-aged children

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2022

A. Gagnon ,
M. Descoteaux ,
C. Bocti ,
G. Grenier ,
V. Gillet ,
J. Posner ,
A. Baccarelli  and
L. Takser
A. Gagnon*
Affiliation:
University of Sherbrooke, Department Of Pediatrics, Sherbrooke, Canada
M. Descoteaux
Affiliation:
University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Laboratory (scil), Sherbrooke, Canada
C. Bocti
Affiliation:
University of Sherbrooke, Department Of Medecine, Sherbrooke, Canada CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, Research Center On Aging, Sherbrooke, Canada
G. Grenier
Affiliation:
University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Laboratory (scil), Sherbrooke, Canada
V. Gillet
Affiliation:
University of Sherbrooke, Department Of Pediatrics, Sherbrooke, Canada
J. Posner
Affiliation:
Duke University, Department Of Psychiatry, Durham, United States of America
A. Baccarelli
Affiliation:
Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department Of Environmental Health Sciences, New York, United States of America
L. Takser
Affiliation:
University of Sherbrooke, Department Of Pediatrics, Sherbrooke, Canada University of Sherbrooke, Department Of Psychiatry, Sherbrooke, Canada
*
*Corresponding author.

Abstract

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Introduction

Inhibition capabilities have been shown to be a strong predictor of social and educational life outcomes (Mischel & Ebbesen, 1970; Shoda et al., 1990). Inhibition capabilities have an enormous impact on attention and impulsivity (Bari & Robbins, 2013). These two executive functions are associated with numerous psychiatric disorders but are not well understood in terms of white matter (WM) connectivity (Puiu et al., 2018). Novel techniques and statistical approaches in neuroimaging bring us closer to a biologically sustained model.

Objectives

This research aims to: 1) identify WM connections associated with attention/impulsivity performance and 2) characterize the differences in WM microstructure associated with the variation of the performance.

Methods

157 children (GESTE cohort, 8-12 years, 27 Dx ADHD, 2 Dx ASD) with b=1500mm2/s, 2mm isotropic dMRI acquisitions were included. Tractography was performed with TractoFlow pipeline (Theaud et al., 2020). Dimensionality reduction of diffusion metrics yielded two components : microstructural complexity (DTI Metrics, AFD & NuFo) and axonal density (AFD_fixel) (Chamberland et al., 2019). Attention/impulsivity were evaluated with the CPT3. Multivariate linear regression was performed in python.

Results

Lower microstructural complexity was associated with poorer attentional performance on regions of the parietal lobe to the occipital gyrus (P-O, p=0.044, R2=0.14, Figure 1.) and the Broadman’s area 8 to area 6 (SF8-SF6, p=0.002, R2=0.12, Figure 1.). Lower axonal density was associated with a less impulsive pattern on SF8-SF6 (p=0.001, R2=0.13, Figure 1.). Results remained significant when removing children with an ADHD or ASD diagnosis.

Conclusions

We identified underlying difference in WM microstructure that may be associated with the variation in attention/impulsivity performance in school-aged children.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.

Keywords

Diffusion MRIAttention/ImpulsivityWhite matter (WM)Pediatric
Type
Abstract
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 65 , Special Issue S1: Abstracts of the 30th European Congress of Psychiatry , June 2022 , pp. S83
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Psychiatric Association
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