Infertility is associated with Several negative reaction and emotional problems

Review of effective interventions for improving emotional risk factors In infertile and infertile patients undergoing treatment

A comprehensive narrative review of the studies was conducted. Databases such as Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, including Medline, Clinical key, SID, MAGIRAN were retrieved from August 10 to December 8, 2020, with no time limit. After reviewing the abstract and the full text of the articles in terms of compliance with the purpose of the study, finally, 32 articles were selected for writing. The methodological quality of the articles was assessed based on Cochrane Risk of Bias

Interventions were divided into two subgroups of mind-body, and web-based CBT. mind-body interventions generally shows the anxiety,stress and depression reduction and Possible improvement in pregnancy rate But most of these programs require extensive financial resources The results of web based, showed that using online CBT approach can greatly reduce stress and anxiety, due to increased use of internet, non collaborative,cheap and private treatment of web based interventions, this method can be used as a way along with other treatments to reduce these negative reactions

According to the present study CBT methods, application and Internet-based interventions can be used as appropriate counseling methods in reducing stress, anxiety and improving pregnancy outcomes in infertile patients. This information can be used as a proper source to select appropriate counseling methods for health care providers, midwives and treatment staff involved in infertility patients

No significant relationships.

Burnout is a syndrome characterized by the high workload in the workplace, which is very common in hospital settings. Medical trainees and early career physicians are more likely to experience burnout than their non-medical peers. Burnout has been linked with a great number of consequences, whether personal, family or work related. Physicians burnout specifically, is related to high rates of medical errors, lack of professionalism, decreased productivity but also to suicidal ideation, depression and substance abuse.

The aim of this study is to investigate the level of burnout in medical residents at University Hospital Center “Mother Theresa” Tirana, changes in burnout depending from the year of study, specialty or associated demographic factors.

This is a prospective study conducted over two time periods, in 2017 and 2019 using the Maslach Burnout Inventory - short version questionnaire. The information was obtained through the direct filling in of the printed questionnaires, by the residents in their workplace.

We collected 137 responses from different medical specialties where 15,3% were psychiatric residents. About 70 % of residents are females and 40% of residents where in their third year of residency by the time they completed the questionnaire. 68% of residents declared more than one night shift within a week.

Residents are given great responsibility coupled with low levels of control, placing them at risk for role problems such as role ambiguity, role conflicts or role overload. Moreover, medical residents are relatively young and at the beginning of their careers, which makes them vulnerable to burnout.

No significant relationships.

In mental health nursing, the therapeutic relationship is central to the care process, since the restoration of the balance of the person in mental suffering relies on significant interpersonal relationships.

This scoping review aims to map which personal qualities of the nurse favor the therapeutic relationship in mental health nursing.

A question was formulated according to the PICo method: What are the nurse’s personal qualities that benefit the therapeutic relationship with the patient in mental health settings? For the selection of studies were used the following databases: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; CINAHL; MEDLINE. A survey was carried out, with the following Boolean conjugation (nurse AND patient) and (personal AND qualities) and (mental AND health) and (therapeutic relation OR relation*). The limit applied to this research was the full text.

A total of 12 studies were analyzed. These are predominantly qualitative with different methodological approaches. The nurse’s personal attributes or qualities imply not making judgments, be patient, be open and genuine. It was also evidenced the importance of the professional and personal dimensions in the therapeutic relationship.

In all studies, it was clear that the therapeutic relationship is influenced by attributes of the professional dimension that are linked, mainly, with the theoretical domain, technical knowledge and by attributes of the personal dimension that are related with the professional’s personal qualities or characteristics. The strategies used for the development of the therapeutic relationship imply the involvement of the person nurse, using this to elements of the personal and social sphere.

No significant relationships.

Individuals with CLP may present communication disorders, velopharyngeal dysfunction, dento-occlusal changes and hearing losses. Adolescents with CLP usually show greater impairment of communication. Such characteristics combined with the malformed face can impact psychosocial functioning and increase the risk of psychological difficulties. Life-stressing experiences from CLP to life events typical of adolescence, may threaten the well-being of the adolescent, and are linked to mental health and behavioral problems.

To verify the coping of adolescents with CLP through a descriptive cross - sectional study.

Fifteen adolescents with CLP participated in the study. To evaluate them it was used the Coping scale (Lees, 2007), for the verification of coping in the families proposed by Motivational Theory of Coping. The analysis of the coping of adolescents with CLP considered two adverse contexts, namely “birth with fissure” and “have your secret told by a friend ”.

In relation to the evaluation of the psychological needs of relationship, competence and autonomy faced the “birth with fissure” indicates that teens with fissures do not perceive this stressor as a threat to their basic psychological needs.

The adolescents with CLP who participated in the study feel more interested (perception of the challenge) in dealing with the stressor relative to the fissure than in dealing with the betrayal of a friend, who reveals a secret of his to other people.

No significant relationships.

In Chiapas, Mexico, it is estimated that 1,356 million people suffer from depression; there are about 210 psychologists (1/24,847 people) and 4 psychiatrists (1/1,304 people). Collaborative task sharing, which engages nonspecialists in mental health care delivery, is essential to address the large global burden of mental illness. The collaborative care model (CoCM), a specific type of task-sharing strategy, incorporates a team-based approach with: a primary care provider (PCP); a behavioral health professional, who is the care manager (CM); and a consulting psychiatrist. CoCM has shown improved outcomes for both mental and general health, expanded access to care, and cost-effectiveness.

Our objective is to implement one of the arms of the phased model and CoCM, through supervision and training of health professionals not specialists in Mental Health, in different clinical spaces of community primary care, by specialists.

We implemented a training program taught by psychiatrists and psychologists for health workers in communities of La Sierra Madre in Chiapas, which includes: training of intern nurses, training and supervision of intern doctors and on-site supervision and training of community mental health workers (CMHW); all undergoing a process of monitoring, evaluation and quality.

Of the patients that were treated (202; 89% women), more than 80% had a diagnosis of anxiety and depression. The most notable clinical improvement (measured with the PHQ-9 depression scale) occurred in the intervention group of CMHW + interns (reduction PHQ-9 58%).

This strategy seems acceptable to address the large gaps in the availability of mental health providers in low-income countries.

No significant relationships.

Declines in mental health among youth in the COVID-19 pandemic have been observed, yet longitudinal studies on how housing may impact these declines are lacking.

Our aim was to determine whether changes in mental health among Danish youth were dependent on their housing conditions.

Young participants from the Danish National Birth Cohort, who had responded to an online questionnaire at 18 years of age, and later during the initial national Danish lockdown, were included. Associations between housing conditions (direct access to outdoor spaces, urbanicity, household density, and household composition) and changes in mental health (mental well-being, quality of life (QoL) and loneliness) were examined in multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses.

We included 7455 participants. Greater decreases in mental well-being were observed for youth with no access to direct outdoor spaces and those living in denser households (mean difference -0.83 [95 % CI -1.19, -0.48], -0.30 [-0.43, -0.18], respectively). Onset of low mental well-being was associated with no access and living alone (odds ratios (OR) 1.68 [1.15, 2.47] and OR 1.47 [1.05, 2.07], respectively). Household density was negatively associated with QoL (mean difference -0.21 [-0.30, -0.12]). Youth living alone experienced more loneliness (OR 2.12 [95 % CI 1.59, 2.82]).

How youth’s mental health changed from before to during lockdown was associated with housing conditions. Among the Danish youth in our study, greater decreases in mental health during lockdown were observed among youth without access to outdoor spaces, living alone, or living in denser households.

No significant relationships.

Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic infection of the central nervous system and caused by the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. Humans become infected after consuming undercooked food or water contaminated with tapeworm eggs, or through poor hygiene practices. The clinical manifestations of neurocysticercosis (NCC) largely depend on the number, type, size, localization, and stage of development of cysticerci, as well as on the host immune response against the parasite. Seizures are the most common manifestations of NCC (70–90%) of patients, followed by headache (38%), focal deficits (16%) and signs of intracranial hypertension (ICH) (12%), but psychiatric symptoms can also be seen.

Literature review on neuropsychiatric manifestations of neurocysticercosis, based on a clinical case.

Pubmed search using the keywords neurocysticercosis, psychiatric comorbidity, neuropsychiatric manifestations.

We present a clinical case of a 29-year-old male patient, with history of an epilepsy, that immigrated to Portugal with his family from Cape Verde for specialized medical care. He presented to the ER with an acute psychotic episode characterized by disorientation, persecutory ideation, psychomotor agitation and violent behavior. Brain CT scan showed multiple calcifications in cerebral parenchyma and CSF was positive for antibodies against T. solium.

The polymorphous symptomatology seen in NCC is mimicked only by neuro-tuberculosis and neurosyphilis in developing countries, and multiple sclerosis in the Western countries. Psychiatric symptoms are a part of the clinical presentation of infectious diseases. It is important to consider NCC in endemic areas presenting with psychiatric symptoms, especially those showing poor response to the standard treatment and in those with history of seizures.

No significant relationships.

One of the defining features of the modern world is a large scale migration that occurs due to a range of factors, from political conflicts to personal and voluntary reasons. This process can cause a severe disruption in individuals’ biography and can be followed by a large period of adaptation and a phenomenon of acculturation. Surprisingly, there is little research on the impact of migration and settlement on risk of psychosis.

Regarding a clinical case, we aim to enphasize the current evidence about the risk of psychotic disorders in migrants.

We present a qualitative review of this topic using the Pubmed database.

27 years old portuguese female, with hyperthymic temperament and history of depressive episode. Her process of migration in 2016 was motivated by an academic purpose. In context of stressful life events she developed psychotic symptoms - messianic and persecutory delusions, with visual and auditory hallucinations.

There is an increased risk of psychosis among migrant population that is well documented. This is even the main risk factor with the exception of a family history of psychosis. The risk can be explained by socio-demographic and psychological features, factors involving the migration process, and socio-occupational environment in the host country. A socio-developmental-cognitive model theorize how exposure to a stressful environment and social defeat interacts with underlying genetic risk to create an enduring liability to psychosis. These findings can help in important decisions about mental health resources and accessibility, including protocols to identify and treat migrants at higher risk of mental diseases.

No significant relationships.

Dhat Syndrome is a culture-bound entity frequent in the Indian subcontinent. It is characterized by somatic symptoms, together with depressive and anxiety features, specifically focused on the belief of losing semen through urine1.

To describe an atypical Dhat Syndrome case in European cultural context,and to determine the appropriate diagnostic frame and subsequent therapeutic approach.

We present the case of a 37-year-old Indian man attended in our psychiatric outpatient unit mainly due to somatic complaints (gastrointestinal, sexual dysfunction, weakness, and dizziness). He interpreted his problem as possibly due to diabetes and hypothyroidism, and specifically from sugar loss in urine. Organic diseases were excluded.

Although considered as culture-bound, Dhat syndrome has been classified as a subtype of depression, anxiety disorder, somatoform disorder2,3,4, and even a prodromal phase of schizophrenia5. Antidepressants and benzodiazepines are the most recommended pharmacological treatments1. Antipsychotic agents have been used when clear psychotic symptoms were present (auditory hallucinations,delusions)5. Nonetheless, paliperidone 6mg/d was initiated at baseline, with good response and partial remission of the symptoms at two weeks, despite the absence of clear psychotic features. Culturally-informed cognitive-behavioural therapy, as well as sexual education could be beneficial were planned and initiated1.

Data on Dhat Syndrome is scarce, yet agreement exist in considering the cultural context of the patient to avoid diagnostic delays. The adequate treatment remains uncertain. Antipsychotics may be a potential treatment. Further research is necessary to clarify the nature of this syndrome but European clinicians must be aware of culturally-mediated psychiatric manifestations which are increasingly prevalent due to globalization.

No significant relationships.

Evaluate the impact of the initial health assessment service for asylum seekers provided by the Asylum Practice Service.

Examine the inputs of Asylum practice service to asylum seekers. Investigate the activities and outputs of the Asylum practice service. Identify the outcomes of Asylum practice service to asylum seekers. Assess the impact of Asylum practice service to asylum seekers.

The conceptual framework for measuring impact at the asylum practice service was based on a Logic Model to engage stakeholders and service users in order to evaluate the impact of services provided by the service. Also the Refugee Health Screener – 15 (RHS15) was used to screen the emotional distress/trauma to identify those individuals who would benefit from further mental health evaluation and treatment. Both quantitative and qualitative data were used to articulate and evidence social value performance and to tell the story of change created.

The study shows that newly arrived asylum seekers benefit from the services of asylum practice, even though the impact could be marginal in some cases.

There is a need to revisit the current Initial Health Assessment tool, as in its current form, vital information on the causes of trauma such as rape, torture, human trafficking, and witnessing the death of parents, child, and close relatives which may underpin mental health problems, may not be captured, thus preventing access to appropriate interventions.

No significant relationships.

Meta-analytic evidence suggests that migrants have higher risk for psychotic disorders. Likewise, growing evidence relate developmental trauma (emotional, sexual, physical abuse and neglect in childhood or adolescence) as a causal factor for psychotic symptoms. However, few studies examine developmental trauma in migrant populations.

The aim of this study is to describe and compare developmental trauma exposure prevalence between immigrant and non-immigrant psychotic patients in Barcelona.

Patients who have presented, according DSM-V criteria, one or more non-affective psychotic episodes, were recruited in Acute and Chronic inpatients units at Hospital del Mar (Barcelona), leading to a total sample of 77 patients. Demographic characteristics of patients, clinical data and main pharmacological treatment were recorded through a questionnaire. Developmental trauma exposure was assessed by Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Comparative analysis was performed with IBM SPSS using Chi-Square Test and t-Student test.

From a total of 77 patients, 43 were immigrants and 34 were non-immigrants. Exposure to traumatic events showed significant differences between immigrants and non-immigrant in Child emotional abuse (64,4% immigrants, 35,3% non-immigrant), Child physical abuse (51,2% immigrants, 14,7% non-immigrant), Child Sexual Abuse (41,9% immigrants, 11,8% non-immigrant) and physical neglect (62,8% immigrants, 26,5% non-immigrant). Emotional neglect exposure was no significant between both groups. Total mean CTQ score was 37,53 in immigrants group and 52,60 in non-immigrant group.

According to our results, there are important and significant differences in developmental trauma exposure between immigrant and non-immigrant psychotic patients. These results should be considered by clinicians in order to design assessment program for this population.

No significant relationships.

Emigration is a complex process of social changing through which an individual moves from a certain cultural environment/context to another, aiming to achieve persistent or long-term residency, causing distress. There is sustainable evidence that incidence of all forms of psychosis is higher in migrants.

This study aims to gather data of other research conducted in the field according to emigration as a risk factor for development of different psychosis.

Scientific articles searched in MEDLINE, regarding the incidence of mental disorders in different emigrant populations, for the period 1995 - 2015.

The average relative risk of schizophrenia and of other psychosis occurrence among first generation emigrants was 2.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]=2.3-3.2). Statistical analysis performed among studies of first and second generation of emigrants, and among studies which don’t make difference between generations, results in a relative risk of 2.9 (95% CI=2.5-3.4) of mental illness.

The data presented in this study emphasize the impact of migration on central symptoms of schizophrenia. Emigration process, cultural and social adaptation, play an important role on the individual mental health.

No significant relationships.

Resilience and cognitive flexibility are considered as pre-adaptive traits that help individuals to deal with environmental and social distress. Although they may alleviate emotional impulses and/or support volitional self-control (VSC), these cognitive mechanisms remain insufficiently explored.

To better understand resilience and flexibility, we built a mechanistic framework to explain variations in socially adaptive responses under distressing situations (cooperation dilemma) using economic and social decision-making paradigms.

Twenty-four university students (7 females) were enrolled. We used ego-resiliency (ER) and Machiavellian (Mach) questionnaires to measure resilience and flexibility, and applied third-party punishment (TPP) and ultimatum game (UG), as well as moral dilemma (MD) tasks to derive VSC-associated brain activity using 3T-functional magnetic resonance imaging. Mediation analysis was used to investigate whether these pre-adaptive trait levels explain cooperative decision-making (invested sum in TPP and acceptance rate of unfair offers in UG), together with VSC-associated brain activity during MD. The regions of interest included the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and temporoparietal junction (TPJ).

Pre-adaptive traits were a statistically significant mediator for two different models. There was an indirect effect of 1) ER on the relationship between OFC activity strength and TPP scores, and 2) Mach on the relationship between DLPFC/TPJ and UG (p < 0.05).

Although recruitment is still ongoing, our results suggested that trait resilience and flexibility may help other-regarding and goal-directed motivation shifts. They may align self-interests with collective interests and support VSC, thereby adjusting peoples’ behaviors within social contexts and cultivating social intelligence.

No significant relationships.

Nowadays new tools suitable for exploring executive functioning (EF) of behavioral addicted individuals are needed.

This study tests a novel digital assessment battery that can be easily and remotely adopted by neuropsychologists working in the field of addiction.

Twenty-three participants were divided into two groups, balanced for age and education: an experimental (EXP) group of 13 patients with gambling behavior, and a control (CNT) group of 10 healthy subjects. A neuropsychological battery including 5 neuropsychological tests (measuring long- and short-term verbal memory, working memory, cognitive flexibility, verbal and non-verbal fluency, attention), and a behavioral task (modified Go/NoGo task with addiction-related stimuli) was digitally administered. Anxiety, depression, and impulsivity levels were collected before the evaluation.

Significantly higher scores were found for repetition errors in the short-term verbal memory test, in the EXP subjects compared to controls. Higher reaction times were found in the Go/No-Go task for the EXP compared to CNT, with significant differences for neutral and addiction-related (cocaine, THC) stimuli. Furthermore, EXP showed higher impulsivity scores.

Although the study was only exploratory, the significant results could support the validity of this new digital tool. Besides, we could conclude that memory impairment and attentional bias in inhibitory control tasks could cover a significant role in new and old addiction and that impulsivity could represent a critical factor in explaining the relationship between EF impairment and addiction. Lastly, this study contributes not only to the understanding of EF impairment in addictions but also in the delivery of remote suitable digital neuropsychological testing.

No significant relationships.

Stoke is a growing public health problem in the developed world resulting in more hospitalization and mortality. In young adults stroke is the third most common cause of death world wide and the fourth leading cause of disease burden.

The aim was to describe a case of recovery after two hemorrhagic strokes in a young adult patient.

It was presented a clinical case and review the current literature showing the pathway of recovery.

A 38-years-old man presented two episodes of hemorrahgic strokes with a lack of 6 months. With history of hypertension, smoking habits and consume of cannabinoid. The first hemorrhagic stroke had sequels of right hemiparesis. It was diagnosed with frontal arteriovenous malformation. In the second episode was submeted to frontoparietal craniotomy with total dissection of the arteriovenous malformation. After surgery he had convulsive crises that remited with valproic and levetirazetan. It did intensive rehabilitation and two months later he recovered totally. In this momente he is functional for daily lactivities, maintained the same treatment and cognitive stimulation.

It is necessary to accomplish for healthy habits in order to prevent strokes in young people. A better prognoses may be related to a urgent and prolonged intervention and reabilitation.

No significant relationships.

Porencephaly is a neurological condition that can develop before or after birth, characterized by cysts located in any place inside the brain parenchyma, which generally are covered by plain walls and encircled by an atrophic crust. It generates a very variable clinic appearance, with severe cases of high disability and slight cases with a light neurological involvement, which also can go unnoticed until adulthood. The prevalence is unknow and the inheritance is autosomal dominant Male patient of 45 years diagnosed with porencephaly with cerebral palsy that affects left half and cognitive disability. His father reports an emerging defiant behavior, mutism and decrease of appetite from a week ago. No triggering stress factors are reported.

Show the importance of include in the differential diagnose hypoactive confusional syndrome.

On urgent medical visit, male comes with ataxic gates which wasn’t shown before. Inhibited attitude, semiflexed staring at floor, with sparing and monosyllabic speech answers, verbalizing discomfort and personal concern. Sleep-wake rhythm disruptions.

Blood tests and drug screening shows no abnormalities Cranial CT: Without acute lesion Urinary infection observed.

It is important to make complementary test to exclude organic frames which could justify acute-subacute psychopathology. In this case, diagnosis was acute confusional syndrome, however, most known presentation is the hyperactive one which include motor hyperactivity, inappropriate behavior or disorganization and alterations of sensory perception. Hypoactive must always be considered, which is the concluding diagnosis in this case.

No significant relationships.

Development of an acute cerebral dysfunction in a form of delirium after cardiac surgeries is common general medical problem that associated with prolonged hospital stay after the surgery, risk of development of infection, risk of subsequent neurocognitive changes, and postoperative morbidity

To compare risk of development of postoperative delirium in elderly patients with and without hippocampal dysfunction

Selective observational longitudinal study of the same group of objects in pre and postoperative period

For the diagnosis of degenerative process in CNS on early stages Free and cued selective reminding test immediate recall (FCSRT-IT) was shown to be the most sensitive. Based on learning of verbal material and semantic cues with recalling, FCSRT-IT allows differentiating amnestic disturbances hippocampal type from secondary disturbances of memory due to neurodynamic changes

Hippocampal dysfunction is a factor of developing of postoperative delirium in elderly patients that requires using additional measures in patients with mild cognitive disturbance to prevent developing of postoperative delirium

No significant relationships.

Danon disease is an X-linked cardioskeletal myopathy related to a primary deficiency in lysosome-associated membrane protein-2. Danon disease manifests with the triad of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myopathy and intellectual disability.Psychiatric symptoms related to the disease have only been studied in a few case reports (Hatz et al, 2010 and Tanidir et al, 2015) and a case series (Yardeni et al, 2016), leaving its pathophysiological mechanisms understudied.

Provide scientific data on psychotic symptoms in patients with Danon disease.

We report an unusual case of a 25-year-old-patient affected by Danon disease that showed an acute psychotic episode.

Mr P is a 25 year-old white male, with past medical history for Danon disease. Mr P presents hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Wolf Parkinson White arrhythmia and carries an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. There are previous records of mild intellectual disability and the patient had experienced anxiety symptoms as well as obsessive thoughts in the past without receiving any specific diagnosis or treatment. He was admitted to the Neurology inpatient unit to study behavioural symptoms with atypical visual and auditory hallucinations, accompanied by paranoid delusions during the last 4 days. He was examined by the liaison psychiatric team. Psychosis remitted within 72 hours after introducing risperidone 3mg per day, with good tolerability. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan was normal.

Danon disease is caused by heterogeneity genetic mutation which means that patients can present different levels of clinical manifestations. The current case report highlights the variety of psychiatric symptoms in patients with Danon disease, and raises awareness towards its identification and treatment.

No significant relationships.

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDA-R) encephalitis is well-characterised autoimmune encephalitis with prominent psychiatric manifestations, neurological manifestations like speech dysfunction, seizures, dyskinesias and other movement abnormalities, decreased level of consciousness and autonomic instability. This disorder affects primarily children and adults up to 45 years. Females are 4 times more common than males and may have association with ovarian teratoma.

To identify anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis based on clinical features, facilitate early screening and relevant investigations to prevent delay in treatment.

A case study of 36 year old female presented with clinical manifestations of autoimmune encephalitis syndrome.

Diagnosis confirmed by presence of NMDA receptor antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.

Early recognition of clinical features of Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and early initiation of treatment has shown to improve outcomes, speed recovery and reduce the risk of relapses.

No significant relationships.

Cooperation is a key component of our lives. When we identify people in need, we are frequently motivated to cooperate by overcoming selfishness. However, we may also become selfish to pursue greater gains by putting ourselves at risk and exploiting others. Such cooperation dilemmas are ubiquitous in real life. Although functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have repeatedly reported the involvement of right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) in cooperation dilemmas, a causal link between the two has been rarely explored.

To investigate a causal role of rTPJ in resolving cooperation dilemmas in ecologically valid settings.

Twenty-two healthy volunteers were examined. We combined repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with a snowdrift cooperation dilemma game task (cross-the-traffic intersection version) wherein either cooperation or defection should be chosen. Participants and opponents jointly faced a problem at the intersection where their cooperation could diffuse the situation (stopping/avoiding a car-crash). This conflicted with a choice in the participant’s self-interest which was more rewarding, but risky (not stopping/defection). We also included explicit-cue condition that showed elderly/pregnant passengers in the opponent’s car. Furthermore, we measured participants’ empathic-traits (e.g., perspective-taking) to study personality-cooperation associations.

The cooperation-ratio did not statistically differ between the sham stimulation and inhibitory continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) in both the no-cue and with-cue conditions. However, after cTBS, only in the no-cue condition, the strength of the relationship between cooperation-ratios and empathic-traits decreased significantly (p<0.05).

These results contribute to our understandings of rTPJ’s role in spontaneous social cognition, which may be considerably complex and require further examination.

No significant relationships.