Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T02:47:05.089Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Ideas, Structural Ambiguity, and the Struggle for Bilingual Signage by Carinthian Slovenes in Austria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 December 2019

Egor Fedotov*
Affiliation:
Kesk tn 9, Sillamae40231, Estonia. Email: efedotov31@gmail.com

Abstract

The studies of human behaviour that foreground the explanatory role of exogenously given incentives and constraints give short shrift to the role of agency, or the behaviour(s) of actors, in attempting to shed light on both policy and behaviour. This article reverses the emphasis – with the example of ethnic politics in the southern Austrian province of Carinthia with respect to the preservation and/or erection of German-language and Slovenian-language inscriptions – by arguing that the behavioural strategies of vulnerable or disadvantaged groups, such as national minorities, can carry significant political consequences – and thus are worthy of study. Specifically, the article looks into a politics of consensus and a politics of (political) realism, as the latter are advocated by Carinthian Slovenes in Austria. The findings serve as a wake-up call for West European states in particular, which, arguably, have grown complacent about their own minority rights records.

Type
Articles
Copyright
© Academia Europaea 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anagnostou, D (2005) Deepening democracy or defending the nation? The Europeanisation of minority rights and Greek citizenship. West European Politics 28, 335357. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380500059785CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Austria Press Agency (1999) Drnovsek says Haider victory should not be overestimated. 15 March.Google Scholar
Austria Press Agency (2002) Use of Slovenian language in Carinthia slightly gone down. 16 April.Google Scholar
Bates, RH (1981) Markets and States in Tropical Africa: The Political Basis of Agricultural Policies. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Beclin, N (2012) Die letzten Schritte zur Lösung. In Beclin, N, Karpf, P, Kassl, T and Platzer, W (eds), Ein Kärnten: die Lösung [A Solution for Carinthia]. Klagenfurt: Johannes Heyn, pp. 6467.Google Scholar
Berk, G (1994) Alternative Tracks: The Constitution of American Industrial Order, 1865-1917. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Berman, S (1998) The Social Democratic Moment: Ideas and Politics in the Making of Interwar Europe. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Biernacki, R (1995) The Fabrication of Labor: Germany and Britain, 1640-1914. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Blyth, M (2001) The transformation of the Swedish model: economic ideas, distributional conflict, and institutional change. World Politics 54, 126. https://doi.org/10.1353/wp.2001.0020CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blyth, M (2003) Structures do not come with an instruction sheet: interests, ideas, and progress in political science. Perspectives on Politics 1, 695706. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592703000471CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brubaker, R (1996) Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Csergo, Z (2007) Talk of the Nation: Language and Conflict in Romania and Slovakia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
De Cillia, R, Menz, F, Dressler, WU and Cech, P (1998) Linguistic minorities in Austria. In Paulston, CB and Peckham, D (eds), Linguistic Minorities in Central and Eastern Europe. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, pp. 1836.Google Scholar
Der Standard (2006) Kärntner Slowenen sind empört. 9 February.Google Scholar
Der Standard (2007) Haider droht Gusenbauer wegen Ortstafeln. 26 June.Google Scholar
Der Standard (2011) Ortstafeln: ‘Aufbruch zum Durchbruch’. 3 March.Google Scholar
Die Presse (2002a) Signatarmächte des Staatsvertrages um Stellungnahme gebeten. 18 January.Google Scholar
Die Presse (2002b) Kein Konsens bei Ortstafeln. 12 September.Google Scholar
Die Presse (2003) Kärntner Slowenen unter ein Dach. 21 May.Google Scholar
Die Presse (2005) Haider calls for language census in Carinthia. 3 May.Google Scholar
Die Presse (2011) Valentin Inzko ‘schockiert’ über 17,5-Prozent-Grenze. 5 April.Google Scholar
Freund, E (2012) ‘A hot wer an Zehna-Schlissl do’? Erinnerungen an den Ortstafelsturm 1972 und seine politischen Folgen. In Beclin, N, Karpf, P, Kassl, T and Platzer, W (eds), Ein Kärnten: die Lösung [A Solution for Carinthia]. Klagenfurt: Johannes Heyn, pp. 134141.Google Scholar
German Press Agency (2001) Haider to defy Supreme Court on dual-language signs. 14 December.Google Scholar
Glantschnig, G (2006) Die Ortstafelfrage – eine Sachverhaltsdarstellung. In Karpf, P and Kassl, T (eds), Die Ortstafelfrage aus Expertensicht: eine kritische Beleuchtung [A Critical Perspective on Signage by Experts]. Klagenfurt: Land Kärnten, pp. 3054.Google Scholar
Gurowitz, A (1999) Mobilizing international norms: domestic actors, immigrants, and the Japanese state. World Politics 51, 413445. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887100009138CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hämmerle, K (2006) Für ein zweisprachiges Kärnten: der Ortstafelstreit. In Anderwald, K, Filzmaier, P and Hren, K (eds), Kärntner Jahrbuch für Politik [Carinthia Annual Book for Politics]. Klagenfurt: Hermagoras, pp. 3656.Google Scholar
Hämmerle, K (2007) Die Retourkutsche – Das Ringen um zweisprachige Ortstafeln in Kärnten. In Anderwald, K, Filzmaier, P and Hren, K (eds), Kärntner Jahrbuch für Politik [Carinthia Annual Book for Politics]. Klagenfurt: Hermagoras, pp. 3963.Google Scholar
Heinisch, R (2003) Success in opposition – failure in government: explaining the performance of right-wing populist parties in public office. West European Politics 26, 91130. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380312331280608CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hollis, M and Lukes, S (eds) (1982) Rationality and Relativism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
International Herald Tribune (2000) End sanctions on ‘European’ Austria, panel advises the EU. 9 September.Google Scholar
Jenne, EK (2007) Ethnic Bargaining: The Paradox of Minority Empowerment. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Karner, S (2006) Die Bemühungen zur Lösung des Kärntner Minderheitenproblems 2005. In Karpf, P and Kassl, T (eds), Die Ortstafelfrage aus Expertensicht: eine kritische Beleuchtung [A Critical Perspective on Signage by Experts]. Klagenfurt: Land Kärnten, pp. 81110.Google Scholar
Karner, S (2012) Die Ortstafelfrage im Fokus der Kärntner Politik (1976-2011). In Beclin, N, Karpf, P, Kassl, T and Platzer, W (eds), Ein Kärnten: die Lösung [A Solution for Carinthia]. Klagenfurt: Johannes Heyn, pp. 5054.Google Scholar
Klemenčič, M and Klemenčič, V (2010) Die Kärntner Slowenen und die Zweite Republik: Zwischen Assimilierungsdruck und dem Einsatz für die Umsetzung der Minderheitenrechte [Carinthian Slovenes Fight for Minority Rights in the Second Republic Amidst Exclusion]. Klagenfurt: Hermagoras.Google Scholar
Knight, R (2007) Denazification and integration in the Austrian province of Carinthia. The Journal of Modern History 79, 572612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/517982CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malebranche, N (1997 [1674/75]) The Search After Truth. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mearsheimer, JJ (1990) Back to the future: instability in Europe after the Cold War. International Security 15, 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2538981CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, B (1966) Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Parsons, C (2002) Showing ideas as causes: the origins of the European Union. International Organization 56, 4784. https://doi.org/10.1162/002081802753485133CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parsons, C (2007) How to Map Arguments in Political Science. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Pirker, J (2010) Kärntner Ortstafelstreit: der Rechtskonflikt als Identitätskonflikt [Signage Conflict in Carinthia in Terms of a Law-Identity Binary]. Baden-Baden: Nomos.Google Scholar
Priestly, T (1999) The position of the Slovenes in Austria: recent developments in political (and other) attitudes. Nationalities Papers 27, 103114. https://doi.org/10.1080/009059999109217CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salzburger Nachrichten (2007) Ultimatum im Ortstafelstreit. 15 June.Google Scholar
Slovenian Press Agency (2002a) Census in Austria detects a slight drop in the number of Slovene speakers in Carinthia. 16 April.Google Scholar
Slovenian Press Agency (2002b) Carinthian Slovenes to attend conference on bilingual topography. 18 April.Google Scholar
Slovenian Press Agency (2003) New minority organisation presented in Klagenfurt. 27 June.Google Scholar
Slovenian Press Agency (2005a) News roundup. 16 March.Google Scholar
Slovenian Press Agency (2005b) Carinthia differences heat up again. 16 March.Google Scholar
Slovenian Press Agency (2005c) Inscription in Carinthia village calls against bilingual signposts. 11 May.Google Scholar
Slovenian Press Agency (2005d) Haider puts forward Slovenian minority count. 2 May.Google Scholar
Slovenian Press Agency (2005e) Minority to sue Austria at European Court of Human Rights. 17 October.Google Scholar
Slovenian Press Agency (2005f) Ex-leader regrets not having unified Slovene minority in Austria. 6 August.Google Scholar
Slovenian Press Agency (2007) Gusenbauer proposes solution to bilingual signs. 25 June.Google Scholar
Slovenian Press Agency (2008) Minority rep: bilingual signs should be taken to EU level. 4 July.Google Scholar
Swidler, A (1986) Culture in action: symbols and strategies. American Sociological Review 51, 273286. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar