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Rising CO2 in the field does not offset warming or drought constraints on leaf growth of a C3 forage

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2020

L. H. G. de Camargo-Bortolin Open the ORCID record for L. H. G. de Camargo-Bortolin [Opens in a new window] ,
E. Habermann ,
P. Vicente ,
A. Barboza ,
M. Groppo ,
C. H. B. A. Prado  and
C. A. Martinez
L. H. G. de Camargo-Bortolin
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, Federal University of São Carlos, Road Washington Luiz km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo13565-905, Brazil
E. Habermann
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Avenue Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo14040-901, Brazil
P. Vicente
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, Federal University of São Carlos, Road Washington Luiz km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo13565-905, Brazil
A. Barboza
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Avenue Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo14040-901, Brazil
M. Groppo
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Avenue Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo14040-901, Brazil
C. H. B. A. Prado*
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, Federal University of São Carlos, Road Washington Luiz km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo13565-905, Brazil
C. A. Martinez
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Avenue Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo14040-901, Brazil
*
*Corresponding author. Email: kiq.prado@gmail.com
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Abstract

The regrowth of a C3 forage Stylosanthes capitata in a rain-fed field provided the weekly data collection in the southeast of Brazil during a heat event in autumn. A system named Trop-T-FACE simulated the free-air carbon dioxide enrichment and the enhanced temperature in four climatic regimes: current atmospheric conditions (Control), CO2 enrichment (600 ppm, eC), warming (2 °C above ambient canopy temperature, eT), and a combination of eC + eT. The area and biomass of foliage per shoot decreased, and the number of flowers per shoot and flowered ramification increased under single eC treatment besides the increment in palisade parenchyma of leaves. Increased investment in flowering in eC occurred notably when the soil water content was higher than 0.30 m3 m–3. Single eT treatment also impaired the area or biomass of foliage production per shoot, raised the shoot mortality, and promoted the increment of the spongy leaf parenchyma. There was some mitigation of the adverse effects of foliage production of eT or eC in eC + eT, but under this combined treatment, the shoot mortality also increased. Changes in leaf tissues under eC or eT or some mitigation of adverse effects in eC + eT did not offset the constraints on leaf growth per shoot. The harmful impact on foliage production by eC, eT, or eC + eT under rain-fed conditions indicated no advantages for feeding the livestock with the C3 forage S. capitata in expected climate change under field conditions.

Keywords

FloweringLeaf areaLeaf biomassShoot mortalitySoil water content
Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 56 , Issue 2 , April 2020 , pp. 265 - 279
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2020

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