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Grain legume inclusion in cereal–cereal rotation increased base crop productivity in the long run

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 September 2019

Probir Kumar Ghosh ,
Kali Krishna Hazra Open the ORCID record for Kali Krishna Hazra [Opens in a new window] ,
Madasur Subbabhat Venkatesh ,
Chandra Sekhar Praharaj ,
Narendra Kumar ,
Chaitanya Prasad Nath ,
Ummed Singh  and
Sati Shankar Singh
Probir Kumar Ghosh*
Affiliation:
National Agricultural Higher Education Project (NAHEP), Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan - II, Pusa 110012, New Delhi, India
Kali Krishna Hazra*
Affiliation:
Crop Production Division, ICAR–Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India
Madasur Subbabhat Venkatesh
Affiliation:
Regional Centre ICAR–Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Krishinagar, Dharwad 580005, Karnataka, India
Chandra Sekhar Praharaj
Affiliation:
Crop Production Division, ICAR–Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India
Narendra Kumar
Affiliation:
Crop Production Division, ICAR–Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India
Chaitanya Prasad Nath
Affiliation:
Crop Production Division, ICAR–Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India
Ummed Singh
Affiliation:
Crop Production Division, ICAR–Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India
Sati Shankar Singh
Affiliation:
ICAR–Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Bhumi Vihar Complex, Sector-III, Block-GB, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700097, West Bengal, India
*
*Corresponding author. Email: kalikrishna123@gmail.com
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Abstract

Sustainability of cereal-based cropping systems remains crucial for food security in South Asia. However, productivity of cereal–cereal rotations has declined in the long run, demonstrating the need for a sustainable alternative. Base crop, that is, common crop in different crop rotations, productivity could be used as a sustainability indicator for the assessment of different long-term crop rotations. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of grain legume inclusion in lowland rice–wheat (R-W) and upland maize–wheat (M-W) rotation on system’s base crop (rice in lowland and wheat in upland crop rotations) productivity and sustainability and also in soil fertility. Mung bean (April–May) inclusion in R-W rotation increased rice grain yield by 10–14%. In upland, mung bean inclusion in M-W rotation increased wheat grain yield by 5–11%. Replacing wheat with chickpea in R-W rotation increased rice grain yield by 5–8%. Increased base crop productivity in legume inclusive rotations was attributed to significant improvement in panicle (rice) or spike (wheat) attributes. Increased soil organic carbon and available nitrogen and phosphorus in the legume inclusive rotations significantly influenced the base crop productivity in both the production systems. Among the crop rotations, R-W-Mb (in lowland) and M-W-Mb (in upland) rotations had the highest system productivity and net return. Therefore, intensification/diversification of cereal–cereal rotations with grain legume could improve soil fertility and sustain crop productivity.

Keywords

Cereal–cereal rotationCrop diversificationGrain legumeGrain yieldSoil fertilitySoil organic carbon
Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 56 , Issue 1 , February 2020 , pp. 142 - 158
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Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2019 

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Footnotes

†

Probir Kumar Ghosh and Kali Krishna Hazra contributed equally

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