Molecular mechanisms of antibody-mediated neutralisation of flavivirus infection

Theodore C. Pierson; Michael S. Diamond

doi:10.1017/S1462399408000665

Molecular mechanisms of antibody-mediated neutralisation of flavivirus infection

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2008

Theodore C. Pierson and

Michael S. Diamond

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Theodore C. Pierson*: Affiliation:
Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Michael S. Diamond: Affiliation:
Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, and Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
*: *Corresponding author: Theodore C. Pierson, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, 33 North Drive, Room 1E19A.2, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. Tel: +1 301 451 7977; Fax: 1 301 451 7978; E-mail: piersontc@mail.nih.gov

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Abstract

Flaviviruses are a group of positive-stranded RNA viruses that cause a spectrum of severe illnesses globally in more than 50 million individuals each year. While effective vaccines exist for three members of this group (yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses), safe and effective vaccines for several other flaviviruses of clinical importance, including West Nile and dengue viruses, remain in development. An effective humoral immune response is critical for protection against flaviviruses and an essential goal of vaccine development. The effectiveness of virus-specific antibodies in vivo reflects their capacity to inhibit virus entry and spread through several mechanisms, including the direct neutralisation of virus infection. Recent advances in our understanding of the structural biology of flaviviruses, coupled with the use of small-animal models of flavivirus infection, have promoted significant advances in our appreciation of the factors that govern antibody recognition and inhibition of flaviviruses in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we discuss the properties that define the potency of neutralising antibodies and the molecular mechanisms by which they inhibit virus infection. How recent advances in this area have the potential to improve the development of safe and effective vaccines and immunotherapeutics is also addressed.

Type: Review Article
Information: Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine , Volume 10 , October 2008 , e12

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1462399408000665 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Published by Cambridge University Press. Work by a US government employee - not in copyright in the USA.

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Molecular mechanisms of antibody-mediated neutralisation of flavivirus infection

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Molecular mechanisms of antibody-mediated neutralisation of flavivirus infection

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