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Histo-blood group antigens: a common niche for norovirus and rotavirus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 March 2014

Ming Tan  and
Xi Jiang
Ming Tan
Affiliation:
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Xi Jiang*
Affiliation:
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Xi Jiang, PhD, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. E-mail: jason.jiang@cchmc.org; ming.tan@cchmc.org
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Abstract

Noroviruses (NoVs) and rotaviruses (RVs), the two most important causes of viral acute gastroenteritis, are found to recognise histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as receptors or ligands for attachment. Human HBGAs are highly polymorphic containing ABO, secretor and Lewis antigens. In addition, both NoVs and RVs are highly diverse in how they recognise these HBGAs. Structural analysis of the HBGA-binding interfaces of NoVs revealed a conserved central binding pocket (CBP) interacting with a common major binding saccharide (MaBS) of HBGAs and a variable surrounding region interacting with additional minor binding saccharides. The conserved CBP indicates a strong selection of NoVs by the host HBGAs, whereas the variable surrounding region explains the diverse recognition patterns of different HBGAs by NoVs and RVs as functional adaptations of the viruses to human HBGAs. Diverse recognition of HBGAs has also been found in bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Thus, exploratory research into whether such diverse recognitions also occur for other viral and bacterial pathogens that recognise HBGAs is warranted.

Type
Review Article
Information
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine , Volume 16 , 2014 , e5
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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References

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Further reading, resources and contacts

CDC – Norovirus Home Page (http://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/about/index.html): provides basic information about norovirus and its illness, including how norovirus spreads, symptoms of norovirus illness and prevention of norovirus infection.Google Scholar
CDC – Rotavirus Home Page (http://www.cdc.gov/rotavirus/index.html): provides common knowledge of rotavirus and its disease, transmission, treatment and vaccination.Google Scholar