Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T22:49:59.810Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Germination of Garcinia kola (Heckel) seeds in response to different hormone treatments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2008

Gabriel Kanmegne  and
Ndoumou Denis Omokolo
Gabriel Kanmegne
Affiliation:
Fac. Sci., Dep. Plant Biol., Univ. Dschang, PO Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
Ndoumou Denis Omokolo
Affiliation:
Dep. Biol., Univ. Yaounde I, High. Teach. Train. Coll., PO Box 47, Yaounde, Cameroon
Get access

Abstract

 Introduction. Despite its socio-economic importance, cultivation of Garcinia kola Heckel is very limited due to poor seed germination. The literature gives contradictory information concerning this fact. Our study therefore aimed at (1) evaluating the variability in germination traits among seeds collected from different areas of Cameroon; and (2) testing the efficiency of some hormone treatments in improving the seed germination rate, which would promote cultivation of G. kola by rural farmers. Materials and methods. Six collections of seeds originating from six locations in Cameroon were subjected to pre-sowing treatments; soaking for 3 days at room temperature in cool distilled water (control), or in cool distilled water supplemented with either 10-4 M gibberellic acid (GA3), 10-4 M naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 10-4 M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 10-4 M benzylaminopurine (BAP) or 10-4 M kinetin; they were then placed to germinate in laboratory conditions. Cumulative seed germination data were recorded for 30 weeks. Results. The pre-germination treatments had profound effects on the phenology of G. kola seed germination. Multiple shoots, multiple roots and callus formation were induced from seeds soaked in BAP, NAA and 2,4-D solutions, respectively. Analysis of variance showed a significant effect (p < 0.01) of seed collection on the germination velocity. Although the rate of germination was higher and the complete dormancy period lower in seeds treated with NAA than in seeds with other treatments, none of these seed treatments significantly enhanced germination. Conclusion. Variations in phenology responses of G. kola seeds to hormone treatments indicate that the tissues of this plant may be responsive in in vitro culture. Variations in seed germination velocity among collections may explain the current controversy over G. kola seed germination, and could help in further selection and domestication processes of this species.

Keywords

CameroonGarcinia kolaplant propagationseedsdormancy breakersgerminationplant growth substancesCamerounGarcinia kolamultiplication des plantesgrainesubstance levant la dormancegerminationsubstance de croissance végétale
Type
Research Article
Information
Fruits , Volume 63 , Issue 3 , May 2008 , pp. 155 - 161
Copyright
© CIRAD, EDP Sciences, 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Isawumi, A.M., The common edible fruits of Nigeria, Part II, Niger. Field 58 (1993) 1–2.
Ainslie J.R., Plants used in native medicine in Nigeria, Imp. For. Inst., Oxford, UK, 1937.
Iwu M.M., Traditional Igbo medicine, Inst. Afr. Stud., Univ. Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, 1982.
Irvine F.R., Woody plants of Ghana with special references to their uses, Oxford Univ. Press, Londres, UK, 1961.
Iwu M.M., Igbokao O.A., Okunji S., Tempesta M.S., Antidiabetic and aldose reductase activities of biflavanones of Garcinia kola, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42 (1990) 290–292. CrossRef
Geiger H., Quine C., Biflavanoids, in: Harbone J.B. (Ed.), The flavonoids – advances since 1980, Chapman Hall, London, UK, 1988, 99–124.
Waterman, P.G., Hussain, R.A., Systematic significance of xanthones, benzophenones and flavonoids in Garcinia, Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 11 (1983) 21–30. CrossRef
Hussain, R.A., Owegby, A.G., Parimoo, P., Waterman, P.G., Kolanone, a novel polyisoprenylated benzophenone with antimicrobial properties from the fruit of Garcinia kola, Planta Med. 44 (1982) 78–81. CrossRef
Iwu, M.M., Igbokao, O.A., Onwuchekwa, U., Okunji, C.O., Evaluation of the antihepatotoxic activity of the biflavanoids of Garcinia kola seed, J. Ethnopharmacol. 21 (1987) 127–138. CrossRef
Adebisi A.A., A case study of Garcinia kola nut production-to-consumption system in J4 area of Omo forest reserve, south-west Nigeria, in: Sundenland T., Ndoye O. (Eds.), Forest products, livelihoods and conservation: case studies on non-timber forest systems, Vol. 2: Africa, CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia, 2004.
Anegbeh, P.O., Iruka, C., Nkirika, C., Enhancing germination of bitter cola (Garcinia kola) Heckel: prospects for agroforestry farmers in the Niger delta, Sci. Afr. 5 (2006) 1–7.
Okafor J.C., Essences forestières pour l’agroforesterie dans le sud du Nigeria, in : MacDonald L.H. (Ed.), Agroforesterie en Afrique tropicale humide, Univ. N.U., Tokyo, Japon, 1982.
Kengue J., Ndo E.G., Les fruitiers comestibles du Cameroun : aspects variabilité génétique et conservation des espèces, IPGRI Reg. Off. West Cent. Afr., Cotonou, Benin, 2003.
Mbolo M., La collecte et l’analyse des données statistiques sur les produits forestiers non ligneux, étude pilote au Cameroun, Programme produits forestiers non ligneux, Dép. For., FAO, Rome, Italie, 2002.
Gyimah, A., Effect of pre-treatment methods on germination of Garcinia kola Heckel seeds, Ghana J. For. 9 (2000) 39–44.
Kucera, B., Cohn, M.A., Leubner-Metzger, G., Plant hormone interactions during seed dormancy release and germination, Seed Sci. Res. 15 (2005) 281–307. CrossRef
Anon., Tetrazolium testing handbook, Peters J. (Ed.), Assoc. Off. Seed Anal. (AOSA), Contrib. No. 29, New Mexico 88003, USA, 2000.
Khan, M.A., Ungar, I.A., Effect of thermoperiod on recovery of seed germination of halophytes from saline conditions, Am. J. Bot. 84 (1997) 279–283. CrossRef
Zia, S., Khan, M.A., Effect of light, salinity, and temperature on seed germination of Limonium stocksii, Can. J. Bot. 82 (2004) 151–157. CrossRef
D’Amato F., Cytogenetics of differentiation in tissue and cell cultures, in: Reinert J., Bajaj Y.P.S. (Eds.), Applied and fundamental aspects of plant cell, tissue and organ culture, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1977.
Eyog M.O., Ndoye O., Kengue J., Awono A., Les fruitiers forestiers comestibles du Came-roun, IPGRI Reg. Off. West Centr. Afr., Co-tonou, Benin, 2006.
Kurana, E., Singh, J.S., Ecology of tree seed and seedlings: implication for tropical forest conservation and restoration, Curr. Sci. 80 (2001) 748–757.
Karssen C.M., Hormonal regulation of seed development, dormancy and germination studied by genetic control, in: Kigel J., Galili G. (Eds.), Seed development and germination, Marcel Dekker, New York, USA, 1995.
Berrie A.M.M., Germination and dormancy, in: Wilkins M.B. (Ed.), Advanced plant physiology, Pitman Press, London, UK, 1984.
Walbot, V., Clutter, M., Sussex, I., Effect of abscissic acid on germinating bean axes, Plant Physiol. 56 (1975) 570–574. CrossRef
Foutain, D.W., Bewley, J.D., Modulation of pre-germination protein synthesis by gibberellic acid, abscissic acid, and cytokinin, Plant Physiol. 58 (1976) 530–536. CrossRef
Bialek K., Michalczuk L., Cohen J.D., Auxin biosynthesis during seed germination in Phaseolus vulgaris, Plant Physiol. 100 (1992) 509–517. CrossRef
Ramaih, S., Guedira, M., Paulsen, G.M., Relationship of indoleacetic acid and tryptophan to dormancy and preharvest sprouting of wheat, Funct. Plant Biol. 30 (2003) 939–945. CrossRef
Nzegbule, E., Mbakwe, R., Effect of pre-sowing and incubation treatment on germination of Garcinia kola (Heckel), Fruits 56 (2001) 437–442. CrossRef
Khan, A.A., Primary, preventive and permissive roles of hormones in plant systems, Bot. Rev. 41 (1975) 391– 420. CrossRef
Thomas T.H., Cytokinins, cytokinin-active compounds and seed germination, in: Khan A.A. (Ed.), The physiology and biochemistry of seed dormancy and germination, North-Holl. Publ. Co., Amsterdam, Holland, 1977.
Hendricks, S.B., Taylorson, R.B., Breaking of seed dormancy by catalase inhibition, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 72 (1975) 306–309. CrossRef
Weber, G.P., Wiesner, L.E., Lund, R.E., Improving germination of skunkbush sumac and serviceberry seed, J. Seed Technol. 7 (1982) 60–71.