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Le bissap (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) : composition et principales utilisations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 June 2009

Mady Cisse ,
Manuel Dornier ,
Mama Sakho ,
Augustin Ndiaye ,
Max Reynes  and
Oumar Sock
Mady Cisse
Affiliation:
UMR 95 Qualisud, Montpellier SupAgro, CIRAD, TA B-95/16, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France ESP, Dép. GCBA, 5085 Dakar Fann, Sénégal
Manuel Dornier
Affiliation:
UMR 95 Qualisud, Montpellier SupAgro, CIRAD, TA B-95/16, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
Mama Sakho
Affiliation:
ESP, Dép. GCBA, 5085 Dakar Fann, Sénégal
Augustin Ndiaye
Affiliation:
ITA, Route des Pères Maristes, Dakar Hann, Sénégal
Max Reynes
Affiliation:
UMR 95 Qualisud, Montpellier SupAgro, CIRAD, TA B-95/16, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
Oumar Sock
Affiliation:
ESP, Dép. GCBA, 5085 Dakar Fann, Sénégal
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Abstract

Introduction. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. est une plante herbacée, vivace, localisée dans les zones tropicales et subtropicales des deux hémisphères. L’espèce est exploitée pour sa fibre et principalement pour ses calices qui sont de trois types : vert, rouge et rouge foncé. Composition. Les calices de type rouge sont les plus utilisés et se caractérisent par leur concentration élevée en anthocyanes qui peut atteindre 1,5 g·kg–1. La delphinidine 3-sambubioside et la cyanidine 3-sambubioside sont les anthocyanes majoritaires avec, respectivement, (71 et 29) % des anthocyanes totaux. Les acides organiques, minéraux et acides aminés sont présents dans les calices, feuilles et graines d’H. sabdariffa à des teneurs variables suivant la variété et la zone géographique. Utilisations. Les utilisations des différentes parties de l’H. sabdariffa sont nombreuses et variées aussi bien dans l’alimentation que dans la médecine traditionnelle. Les calices, du fait de leur concentration élevée en acides, vitamine C et surtout en anthocyanes, constituent la partie de la plante la plus valorisée. Ils sont surtout utilisés pour la production de boissons désaltérantes et tonifiantes sans alcool. Les graines d’H. sabdariffa de par leur richesse en protéine (26 %), lipides (20 %) et sucres totaux (40 %) sont très utilisées dans l’alimentation dans de nombreux pays africains. Les feuilles constituent une bonne source de nutriments et sont utilisées en Afrique pour la préparation de sauces.

Keywords

SenegalHibiscus sabdariffacalyxleavesseedsanthocyaninsproximate compositionusesSénégalHibiscus sabdariffacalicefeuillegraineanthocyanecomposition globaleutilisation
Type
Research Article
Information
Fruits , Volume 64 , Issue 3 , May 2009 , pp. 179 - 193
Copyright
© CIRAD, EDP Sciences, 2009

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