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Scheduling peach orchard irrigation in waterstress conditions: use of relative transpiration and predawn leafwater potential

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 March 2013

Teresa Afonso do Paço ,
Maria Isabel Ferreira  and
Carlos Arruda Pacheco
Teresa Afonso do Paço*
Affiliation:
CEER – Biosyst. Eng., DCEB, Inst. Sup. Agron., Univ. Técn. Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal. tapaco@isa.utl.pt ,
Maria Isabel Ferreira
Affiliation:
CEER – Biosyst. Eng., DCEB, Inst. Sup. Agron., Univ. Técn. Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal. tapaco@isa.utl.pt ,
Carlos Arruda Pacheco
Affiliation:
Inst. Sup. Agron., Univ. Técn. Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
*
* Correspondence and reprints

Abstract

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Introduction. Plant water stressindicators have become valuable for moving towards deficit irrigationstrategies and saving water. In this case evapotranspiration (ET)is below its maximum value for the crop and stage (ETc),and a stress coefficient (Ks) is applied to obtainactual ET (ETa). Predawn leaf waterpotential (Yp) can be related to relative transpiration(RT), the ratio between transpiration of a stressedplot (T) and transpiration of a well-irrigatedplot (Tm). Estimating RT fromYp allows calculating ETa fordetermination of irrigation amounts, if deficit irrigation practicesare used, as RT corresponds approximately to Ks. Materials and methods. RT and Yp were measuredwith the aim of establishing a relationship to estimate RT undermoderate water stress for irrigation scheduling, in a peach orchardin south Portugal. RT was calculated using sap flowmeasurements (heat balance method) in two plots, one well-irrigated(daily drip irrigation amounts calculated for Tm) andanother temporarily without irrigation. Results and discussion. Ahigh correlation was found between RT and Yp,allowing the estimation of RT for the studied conditions.Significant differences regarding the relationship RT-Yp obtained for another peach orchard in the sameregion and similar soil conditions were found for Yp inthe range between –0.11 and –0.45 MPa. The results suggest that thedifferences resulted from the different irrigation systems: dripand micro-sprinkling, as they determine different temporal and spatialwater distribution and therefore different geometry of root systems.A formerly proposed equation to estimate RT fromYp with a general form for different fruit treespecies was tested, proving to be adequate within some limits: when RT is lowered to 0.7, the error was below 9%. Thethreshold value RT = 0.7 was considered a minimumas it was successfully tested in deficit irrigation practices for peachorchards.

Keywords

PortugalPrunus persicawater stresssoil water deficitindicatorsdeciduous plantsfruit treeswater requirementsdemand irrigationPortugalPrunus persicastress hydriquedéficit hydrique du solindicateurplante à feuilles caduquesarbre fruitierbesoin en eauirrigation à la demandePortugalPrunus persicaestrés hídricodéficit de humedad en el sueloindicadoresplantas deciduasárboles frutalesnecesidades de aguariego a la demanda
Type
Research Article
Information
Fruits , Volume 68 , Issue 2 , March 2013 , pp. 147 - 158
Copyright
© 2013 Cirad/EDP Sciences

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