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IV.—The Physical History of the Norwegian Fjords
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 May 2009
Extract
The Scandinavian Promontory. — This remarkable promontory, extending for over a thousand miles from the Naze to the North Cape, is formed mainly of Archæan rocks, consisting of gneiss, crystalline schists, and other metamorphic rocks, penetrated by granite and other igneous dykes of later date. These primeval rocks are overlain throughout a portion of their extent by Cambrian and Lower Palæozoic (or Lower Silurian) beds, between which and the Archaean masses there is entire discordancy, and, as regards their respective ages, a long period of unrepresented time. The Palæozoic beds are themselves highly altered when in contact with the intrusive igneous masses, so that it is difficult to distinguish them from the more ancient masses in some districts.
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References
page 9 note 1 Report by SirStrickland, Charles, Bart., of an Excursion by Tug-boat from Whitby to Peak of members of the Brit. Assoc. (York Meeting): Report of the Whitby Lit. and Phil. Soc, 10 28, 1881.Google Scholar
page 9 note 2 Snetætta reaches 7,615 and Galdhöpiggen 8,399 feet.
page 10 note 1 Encyc. Brit., 11th ed., vol. xiv.Google Scholar
page 10 note 2 The Scenery of England, 1901, p. 101.Google Scholar
page 10 note 3 Professor J. W. Spencer has remarked that many of the sharper peaks and precipitous cliffs owe their form to the peculiar climatic, conditions of Norway—the frosts of winter and long days of summer.
page 11 note 1 As I have shown in my recently published monograph, On the Sub-oceanic Physiography of the North Atlantic Ocean (Stanford, E.), 1912.Google Scholar
page 12 note 1 This remarkable movement of the ice was first recognized by Professor James Geikie, and is shown in plate vii of the Monograph of the British Isles above quoted.
page 13 note 1 This is the view which I have endeavoured to develop in my monograph above alluded to, and I hope successfully. Judging by the results obtained by the soundings, the submerged river-channels descended to over 1,000 fathoms (6,000 feet), which gives the amount of the uplift of the land above the present level of the ocean. But for full evidence of this conclusion the reader is referred to the monograph itself.
page 13 note 2 According to Professor James Geikie, quoting from Erdman, the terraces are found at levels up to 800 feet or more above the surface of the sea. (Great Ice Age, p. 388.)Google Scholar