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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 May 2009
The interesting section at Clava, near Inverness, was first examined geologically by Mr. James Fraser, C.E.; and his remarks on it were published in the Transactions of the Geological Society of Edinburgh, vol. iv, part 2, and in the Transactions of the Inverness Field Club, vol. ii.
Read to the Geological Society of Glasgow, February 13, 1896.
page 498 note 2 Since this was written I have discovered in Ayrshire very numerous exposures of shelly clay at various levels, from a little above high-water mark to 1061 feet above sea-level.
page 499 note 1 In the body of the report it is stated that some of the species still live at 100 fathoms.
I asked Mr. J. T. Marshall, of Torquay, one of the authorities on recent shells, to give me the depths at which some of the species found in the Clava section still live, and he has furnished me with the following information:—
page 501 note 1 At a depth of 3½ feet in the clay a horizontal line was observed, and at 6 or 7 feet streaks or thin layers of sand and gravel were seen, but these do not at all affect the argument. There was also a transition bed of 2 feet in thickness at the bottom of the shelly clay, with a well-defined bedding-plane between it and the gravel bed below, the 2 feet bed being mixed with fine gravel.
page 502 note 1 From what I have since seen in Ayrshire I have been obliged to abandon the idea that the Boulder-clays are ground moraines pure and simple. I think there is ample proof that they are marine deposits. In places where they have been dragged a bit by the last glacier-ice they become ground moraines.
page 502 note 2 It is not here argued, of course, that during the period between the two Boulderclays the country was entirely free from ice.