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The Superficial Deposits near Sunderland and the Quaternary Sequence in E. Durham

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

George Coupland  and
David Woolacott
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Extract

In this paper it is proposed (1) to describe the superficial deposits along the coast between Sunderland and Ryhope, (2) to give a short account of the beds exposed in the recent excavations at the Sunderland Barracks, and (3) to attempt a correlation of the Glacial and Post-Glacial deposits of the East of Durham. It is felt by the authors that a true conception of the sequence of events during the Pleistocene and Recent periods will be eventually obtained by the examination of typical areas and by the working out of the succession and mode of origin of the deposits in such regions.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 63 , Issue 1 , January 1926 , pp. 1 - 12
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1926

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References

page 2 note 1 Univ. Durham Phil. Soc., Vol. iv, pl. v (1911–1912), fig. 9, p. 266, and fig. 10, p. 288.Google Scholar

page 3 note 1 The masses of limestone can be seen in all stages of shearing. Sand and gravel in places have been let in to fill up the fissures formed beneath the partly sheared off masses.

page 3 note 2 The Scarp may be regarded as typical stony boulder clay. It shows no traces of bedding on drying, is charged with grit, and contains many boulders, a large proportion of which are usually limestone. The last feature renders it of no commercial value. The Black Clay is also a stony clay, but shows traces of bedding when dried. It is not gritty, being worked in the fingers and cutting like butter. It has an irregular fracture. It usually contains less stones that the “scarp” and resembles the comparatively stoneless blue and leafy clays which are used for brickmaking. For the properties of these clays and their succession the reader is referred to Merrick's paper on the “Superficial Deposits around Newcastle”: Proc. Univ. Durham Phil. Soc., vol. iii, pl. iii, 1908–1909, p. 141.Google Scholar

page 6 note 1 See Smythe, , Glacial Geol. of Northumberland, 1912, and Woolacott, Geol. Mag., Vol. LVIII, 1921, p. 29.Google Scholar

page 6 note 2 “On the 60 ft. Raised Beach at Easington, Co. Durham”: Geol. Mag., Vol. LIX, 1922, p. 64.Google Scholar

page 9 note 1 “Superficial Deposits around Newcastle”: Proc. Univ. Durham Phil. Soc., vol. iii, pl. iii, 1908–1909, p. 141.Google Scholar

page 9 note 2 By Dr. Woolacott.

page 11 note 1 Howse, , “On the Glaciation of the Counties of Durham and Northumberland”: Trans. N. of Eng. Inst. Min. Eng., vol. xiii, 1863–1894, p. 169; and Guide to the Collection of Local Fossils in the Natural History Museum, Newcastle, 1889.Google Scholar

page 11 note 2 Merrick, , “On the Superficial Deposits around Newcastle-upon-Tyne”: Proc. Univ. of Durham Phil. Soc., vol. iii, pl. 3, 1909.Google Scholar

page 11 note 3 Trechmann, , “Scandinavian Drift of the Durham Coast”: Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. lxxi, 1915, pp. 53–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and “On a Deposit of Interglacial Loess and some Transported Freshwater Clays on the Durham Coast”, ibid., vol. lxxv, 1919, pp. 173–203.

page 11 note 4 Smythe, , “Glacial Geology of Northumberland”: Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northumberland, 1914.Google Scholar