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V.—On the Occurrence of Lead, Zinc, and Iron Ores, in some Rocks of Carboniferous Age in the North-West of England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

Charles E. De Rance
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Extract

In former papers I have described central Lancashire as capable of division into three plains of different elevations. The lowest being often beneath high-water mark, and always below the 25-foot Ordnance contour; the second ranging from 25 and 50 feet to 500 feet above the sea, terminating at the foot of the steep escarpment at the western edge of the Lancashire and Yorkshire moorlands forming the Pendle portion of the Pennine chain, with an average elevation of 1200 feet. Both the lower plains are much covered with drift, and the rock-surface at the sea-coast is often 50 feet below low-water mark, steadily rising in one gradual inclined plain, eastwards, or towards the Fells.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 10 , Issue 104 , February 1873 , pp. 64 - 74
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1873

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References

page 66 note 1 “The Laws which regulate the Deposition of Lead Ore,” 1861.

page 66 note 2 These lodes are shown on the Geol. Survey of Lancashire, Six-inch Map, No. 78; they were mapped by Prof. Hull, F.R.S.

page 66 note 3 Phillips' Introduction to Mineralogy, London, 1837.

page 67 note 1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1868, p. 323.

page 67 note 2 Geol. Mag., 1868, p. 207.

page 68 note 1 Mr , Prestwich F.R.S., in Anniversary Address to the Geological Society, London, 1872, p. 65.Google Scholar

page 68 note 2 Prof. Hull, F.R.S., Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1868, p. 333.

page 68 note 3 Op cit., p. 324.

page 69 note 1 This fault was first made out by Mr. Hudson, who made a mineral surrey of the district for the lord of the manor.

page 70 note 1 As the whole of this district is now, I believe, being surveyed by my colleague, Mr. Tiddeman, I have omitted as much as possible all reference to the rocks and details of the geology, except such as have direct bearing on the distribution of ore in the lodes, to which I have there especially directed my attention.—C. E. R.

page 70 note 2 A mass of copper pyrites was found on the opposite side of the valley, near the cement-stone bed, but it may have been brought there by glacial action.

page 71 note 1 These sections were visited and viewed with much interest by the late Sir Roderick Murchison, who was of opinion that the valley is due to a fault running along it.

page 72 note 1 In Swaledale, above the Main limestone, is the main chert, black beds, plate, red beds (15 feet), plate, and 60 feet of white grit. The grits and the cherts are leadbearing, and the white grit is spoken of by Professor Phillips (Geology of Yorkshire) as the probable equivalent to the “Bearing Grit” of Nidderdate, and the fire-stone of Alston Moor. In Stonesdale the corresponding beds are known as the Lower Chert series, containing more plate than limestone, throughout the whole of northern Yorkshire, one or more horizons of Chert occur above the 12-fathom limestone. In Northern Yorkshire and Westmoreland, and in Cumberland, shale is called “plate,” and sandstone “hazel,” solid compact beds of limestone or sandstone “posts.”

page 73 note 1 A “Hush,” in the north-west of England, is a deep trench dng on a hill-side, to find lodes.

page 73 note 2 A plan of these curious old workings was mads for me by Mr. Hoyle, of the Whitewell Mining Company.

page 73 note 3 The following magnetic dialling, taken for me by Mr. Hoyle, is curious as showing short and comparatively sharp turns, in this lode-fault:—From entrance N.W. 72°, 23ft. 3in.; N.W. 83°, 55ft.; S.W 81°, 80ft.; West, 23ft. 5in.; N.W. 85°, 45ft. 8in.