Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T01:18:14.796Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Constraints of magmatism on the Ergu Fe–Zn polymetallic metallogenic system in the central Lesser Xing’an Range, NE China: evidence from geochronology, geochemistry and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 July 2021

Chuntao Zhao ,
Jinggui Sun Open the ORCID record for Jinggui Sun [Opens in a new window] ,
Yang Liu ,
Xiaolei Chu ,
Zhikai Xu ,
Jilong Han ,
Wenqing Li ,
Liang Ren  and
Chenglin Bai
Chuntao Zhao
Affiliation:
College of Earth Science, Jilin University, Changchun130061, China Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changchun130061, China
Jinggui Sun*
Affiliation:
College of Earth Science, Jilin University, Changchun130061, China Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changchun130061, China
Yang Liu
Affiliation:
College of Earth Science, Jilin University, Changchun130061, China
Xiaolei Chu
Affiliation:
College of Earth Science, Jilin University, Changchun130061, China
Zhikai Xu
Affiliation:
College of Earth Science, Jilin University, Changchun130061, China
Jilong Han
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing100083, China
Wenqing Li
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changchun130061, China
Liang Ren
Affiliation:
College of Earth Science, Jilin University, Changchun130061, China
Chenglin Bai
Affiliation:
College of Earth Science, Jilin University, Changchun130061, China
*
Author for correspondence: Jinggui Sun, Email: sunjinggui@jlu.edu.cn
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The medium-sized Ergu Fe–Zn polymetallic skarn deposit is located in the central Lesser Xing’an Range, NE China. The ore bodies are mainly hosted in the contact zone between granodiorite intrusions and lower Cambrian dolomitic crystalline limestones or skarns. To reveal the magmatic influence on the mineralization, resource potential and metallogenic geodynamic process of this deposit, a systematic study of the geology, petrology, zircon U–Pb dating, element geochemistry, amphibole geochemistry and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopes of the Ergu deposit intrusives was conducted. The results show the following: (1) The major rock types in the mine area are medium-grained granodiorite and porphyritic granite, and the rock related to mineralization is medium-grained granodiorite. Zircon U–Pb dating suggests that the granodiorite and porphyritic granite formed at 181.9–183.8 Ma and 182.7 Ma, respectively. Thus, an Early Jurassic magmatic event led to the formation of the Ergu deposit. (2) The granodiorite and porphyritic granite are high-K calc-alkaline I-type granites that formed by comagmatic evolution with varying degrees of fractional crystallization and were likely derived from partial melting of the lower crust. The Ergu deposit occurred in an active continental-margin tectonic setting. (3) The high water content (5.69 wt % H2O), high oxygen fugacity (ΔFMQ = +1.75 to +1.82) and intermediate-plutonic emplacement (3.13 km) of the granodioritic magma are key factors in the formation of the Ergu deposit. The porphyry granite is characterized by high water content (>4 wt % H2O), reduced oxygen fugacity (ΔFMQ = −0.47) and shallow emplacement (<3 km).

Keywords

element geochemistrySr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotope geochemistryzircon U–Pb datingintermediate-plutonic magmatismErgu depositLesser Xing’an Range
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 158 , Issue 10 , October 2021 , pp. 1862 - 1890
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andersen, T (2002) Correction of common lead in U-Pb analyses that do not report 204Pb. Chemical Geology 192, 59–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballard, JR, Palin, MJ and Campbell, IH (2002) Relative oxidation states of magmas inferred from Ce (IV)/Ce (III) in zircon: application to porphyry copper deposits of northern Chile. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 144, 347–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barbarin, B (1999) A review of the relationships between granitoid types, their origins and their geodynamic environments. Lithos 46, 605–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boynton, WV (1984) Geochemistry of the rare earth elements, meteorite studies. In Rare Earth Element Geochemistry (ed. Henderson, P), pp. 63–114.. Amsterdam: Elsevier.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, MR and Rutherford, MJ (1985) Sulfide and sulfate saturation in hydrous silicate melts. Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmosphere 90, 601–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chambefort, I, Dilles, JH and Longo, AA (2013) Amphibole geochemistry of theYanacocha volcanics, Peru: evidence for diverse sources of magmatic volatiles related to gold ores. Journal of Petrology 54, 1017–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chappell, B and White, AJR (2001) Two contrasting granite types: 25 years later. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 48, 489–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chappell, BW (1999) Aluminium saturation in I- and S-type granites and the characterization of fractionated haplogranites. Lithos 46, 535–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chappell, BW and White, AJR (1974) Two contrasting granite types. Pacific Geology 8, 173–4.Google Scholar
Chappell, BW and White, AJR (1992) I- and S-type granites in the Lachlan Fold Belt. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 83, 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chelle-Michou, C, Rottier, B, Caricchi, L and Simpson, G (2017) Tempo of magma degassing and the genesis of porphyry copper deposits. Scientific Reports 7, 40566.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, J (2011) Metallogenic setting and metallogenesis of nonferrous-precious metals in Lesser Hinggan Mountain, Heilongjiang Province. MS thesis, Jilin University, Changchun, China (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Chen, L and Zhang, Y (2018) In situ major-, trace-elements and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of apatite from the Luming porphyry Mo deposit, NE China: constraints on the petrogenetic-metallogenic features. Ore Geology Review 94, 93–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, X, Liu, JJ, Zhang, QB, Yang, ZH, Yang, LB and Wu, J (2014) Characteristics of Hf isotopes and zircon U-Pb ages of granites in the Cuihongshan iron polymetallic deposit, Heilongj iang and their geologic implications. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochenistry 33, 636–44 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Chiaradia, M (2020) Gold endowments of porphyry deposits controlled by precipitation efficiency. Nature Communications 11, 248. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-14113-1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chiaradia, M and Caricchi, L (2017) Stochastic modelling of deep magmatic controls on porphyry copper deposit endowment. Scientific Reports 7. doi: 10.1038/srep44523.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cline, JS (1995) Genesis of porphyry copper deposits: the behavior of water, chloride, and copper in crystallizing melts. In Porphyry Copper Deposits of the American Cordillera (eds Pierce, FW and Bohm, JG), pp. 69–82. Tucson: Arizona Geological Society.Google Scholar
Defant, MJ and Drummond, MS (1990) Derivation of some modern arc magmas by melting of young subducted lithosphere. Nature 347, 662–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fei, XH, Zhang, ZC, Cheng, ZG, Santosh, M, Jin, ZL, Wen, BB, Li, ZX and Xu, LJ (2018) Highly differentiated magmas linked with polymetallic mineralization: a case study from the Cuihongshan granitic intrusions, Lesser Xing’an Range, NE China. Lithos 302–303, 158–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferry, JM and Watson, EB (2007) New thermodynamic models and revised calibrations for the Ti-in-zircon and Zr-in-rutile thermometers. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 154, 429–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fowler, MB, Kocks, H, Darbyshire, DPF and Greenwood, PB (2008) Petrogenesis of high Ba-Sr plutons from the northern highlands Terrane of the British Caledonian Province. Lithos 105, 129–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, FH, Wang, F, Xu, WL and Yang, Y (2013) Age of the “ Paleoproterozoic” Dongfengshan group in the lesser Xing’an range, NE China, and its tectonic implications: constraints from zircon U-Pb geochronology. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition) 43, 440e456 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Geng, JZ, Qiu, KF, Gou, ZY and Yu, HC (2017) Tectonic regime switchover of Triassic Western Qinling Orogen: constraints from LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology and Lu-Hf isotope of Dangchuan intrusive complex in Gansu, China. Chemie der Erde 77, 637–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, PJ, O’Nions, RK, Bridgwater, D and Nutman, A (1983) Sm-Nd studies of Archaean metasediments and metavolcanics from West Greenland and their implications for the Earth’s early history. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 62, 263–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, JL, Sun, JG, Liu, Y, Ren, L, Wang, CS, Zhang, XT, He, YP, Yu, RD and Lu, Q (2019) Jurassic granitic magmatism in the lesser Xing’an-Zhangguangcai ranges of NE China: the Dong’an example. International Geological Review. 61, 2143–2163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, ZZ (2011) Characteristics of temporal and spatial evolution and polymetallic mineralization of Early Mesozoic granites in southeastern XiaoXing’An Mountains. MS thesis, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Hanson, GN (1978) The application of trace elements to the petrogenesis of igneous rocks of granitic composition. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 38, 26–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hao, YJ, Ren, YS, Yang, Q, Duan, MX, Sun, Q, Fu, LC and Li, C (2015) Ore genesis and formation age of the Gaogangshan Mo deposit, Heilongjiang Province, NE China. Resource Geology 65, 177–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hedenquist, JW and Lowenstern, JB (1994) The role of magmas in the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits. Nature 370, 519–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heilongjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (1993) Regional Geology of Heilongjiang Province. Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Hoskin, PWO and Schaltegger, U (2003) The composition of zircon and igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 53, 27–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hou, ZQ, Yang, ZM, Wang, R and Zheng, YC (2020) Further discussion on porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposit formation mainland China. Earth Science Frontiers 27, 20–44 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Hou, ZQ, Zheng, YC, Yang, ZM, Rui, ZY, Zhao, ZD, Jiang, SH and Sun, QZ (2013) Contribution of mantle components within juvenile lower-crust to collisional zone porphyry Cu systems in Tibet. Mineralogica Deposita 48, 173–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hu, XL, Ding, ZJ, He, MC, Yao, SZ, Zhu, BP, Shen, J and Chen, B (2014a) Two epochs of magmatism and metallogeny in the Cuihongshan Fe-polymetallic deposit, Heilongjiang Province, NE China: constraints from U-Pb and Re-Os geochronology and Lu-Hf isotopes. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 143, 116–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hu, XL, Ding, ZJ, He, MC, Yao, SZ, Zhu, BP, Shen, J and Chen, B (2014b) A porphyry-skarn metallogenic system in the Lesser Xing’an Range, NE China: implications from U-Pb and Re-Os geochronology and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes of the Luming Mo and Xulaojiugou Pb-Zn deposits. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 90, 88–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hu, XL, Yao, SZ, Zeng, GP, Liu, WH and Zhang, ZJ (2019) Multistage magmatism resulting in large-scale mineralizaion: a case from the Huojihe porphyry Mo deposit in NE China. Lithos 326–327, 397–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irvine, TN and Baragar, WRA (1971) A guide to the chemical classifification of the common volcanic rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 8, 523–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jahn, BM, Capdevila, R, Liu, DY, Vernon, A and Badarch, G (2004) Sources of Phanerozoic granitoids in the transect Bayanhongor-Ulaan Baatar, Mongolia: geochemical and Nd isotopic evidence, and implications for Phanerozoic crustal growth. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 23, 629–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jahn, BM, Wu, FY and Chen, B (2000) Granitoids of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and continental growth in the Phanerozoic. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 91, 181–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, H, Jiang, SY, Li, WQ, Zhao, KD and Peng, NJ (2018) Highly fractionated Jurassic I-type granites and related tungsten mineralization in the Shirenzhang deposit, northern Guangdong, South China: evidence from cassiterite and zircon U-Pb ages, geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes. Lithos 312, 186–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ju, N, Ren, YS, Wang, C, Wang, H, Zhao, HL and Qu, WJ (2012) Ore genesis and molybdenite Re-Os dating of Dashihe molybdenum deposit in Dunhua, Jilin. Global Geology 31, 68–76 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Li, JF, Wang, KY, Quan, HY, Sun, FY, Zhao, LS and Zhang, XB (2016) Discussion on the magmatic evolution sequence and metallogenic geodynamical setting background Hongling Pb-Zn deposit in the southern Da Xing’an Mountains. Acta Petrologica Sinica 32, 1529–42 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Li, JW, Zhao, XF, Zhou, MF, Vasconcelos, P, Ma, CQ, Deng, XD, Souza, ZS, Zhao, YX and Wu, G (2008) Origin of the Tongshankou porphyry-skarn Cu-Mo deposit, eastern Yangtze craton, Eastern China: geochronological, geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic constraints. Mineralogical Deposita 43, 315–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, JY 1999 Formation andevolution of the crust in the northern Changbaishan. Geological Publishing House, pp. 137.Google Scholar
Li, SC, Han, ZZ, Niu, YH, Zhang, YL, Wang, X, Cheng, ZX and Zheng, T (2015) Determination of ages of metallogenic monzonitic intrusion and geological implication in the Xilin Pb-Zn-Fe ore deposit, Yichun, Heilongjiang Province granite. Mineral Exploration 6, 356–63 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Li, WK, Cheng, YQ and Yang, ZM (2019) Geo-fO2: integrated software for analysis of magmatic oxygen fugacity. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 20, 2542–55. doi:10.1029/2019GC008273.Google Scholar
Li, XH, Qi, CS, Liu, Y, Liang, XR, Tu, XL, Xie, LW and Yang, YH (2005) Petrogenesis of the neoproterozoic bimodal volcanic rocks along the western margin of the Yangtze Block: new constraints from Hf isotopes and Fe/Mn ratios: Chinese Science Bulletin 50, 2481–6 (in Chinese with English abstract).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liao, XD, Sun, S, Huan-Zhao Chi, HZ, Jia, DY, Ze-Yu Nan, ZY and Wen-Na Zhou, WN (2019) The Late Permian highly fractionated I-type granites from Sishijia pluton in southeastern Inner Mongolia, North China: a post-collisional magmatism record and its implication for the closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean, Lithos 328–329, 262–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Y, Sun, JG, Han, JL, Ren, L, Gu, AL, Zhao, KQ and Wang, CS (2019) Origin and evolution of ore-forming fluid for the Gaosongshan gold deposit, Lesser Xing’an Range: evidence from fluid inclusions, H-O-S-Pb Isotopes. Geoscience Frontiers 10, 1961–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ludwig, KR (2003) User’s Manual for Isoplot 3.0: A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Geochronology Center, Special Publication No. 4, —74 pp.Google Scholar
Lugmair, GW and Harti, K (1978) Lunar initial 143Nd/144Nd: differential evolution of the lunar crust and mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 39, 349–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maniar, PD and Piccoli, PM (1989) Tectonic discrimination of granitoids. Geological Society of America Bulletin 101, 635–43.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mao, JW, Pirajno, F, Lehmann, B, Luo, MC and Berzina, A (2014) Distribution of porphyry deposits in the Eurasian continent and their corresponding tectonic settings. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 79, 576–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, H, Smithies, RH, Rapp, R, Moyen, JF and Champion, D (2005) An overview of adakite, tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG), and sanukitoid: relationships and some implications for crustal evolution. Lithos 79, 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meinert, LD (1995) Compositional variation of igneous rocks associated with skarn deposits:chemical evidence for a genetic connection between petrogenesis and mineralization. Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Series 23, 401–18.Google Scholar
Meinert, LD, Dipple, GM and Nicolescu, S (2005) World skarn deposits. In Economic Geology, 100th Anniversary Volume (eds Hedenquist, JW, Thompson, JFH, Goldfarb, RJ and Richards, JP), pp. 299–336. Littleton, Colorado: Society of Economic Geologists.Google Scholar
Middlemost, EAK (1972) A simple classification of volcanic rocks. Bulletin of Volcanology 36, 382–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Middlemost, EAK (1994) Naming materials in the magma/igneous rock system. Earth Science Reviews 37, 215–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mustard, R, Ulrich, T, Kamenetsky, VS and Mernagh, T (2006) Gold and metal enrichment in natural granitic melts during fractional crystallization. Geology 34, 85–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newberry, RJ and Swanson, SE (1986) Scheelite skarn granitoids: an evaluation of the roles of magmatic source and process. Ore Geology Review 1, 57–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ouyang, HG and Che, XG (2016) 40Ar-39Ar dating of Ergu Fe-polymetalic skarn deposit in Yichun igneous belt and its geological implications. Mineral Deposits 35, 1035–46 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Patiño Douce, AE and Harris, N (1998) Experimental constraints on Himalayan anatexis. Journal of Petrology 39, 689–710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearce, JA, Harris, NBW and Tindle, AG (1984) Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology 25, 956–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearce, JA and Norry, MJ (1983) Role of the subcontinental lithosphere in magma genesis at active continental margins. In Continental Basalts and Mantle Xenoliths (ed. Hawkesworth, CJ), pp. 230–49. Nantwich, Cheshire: Shiva Publications.Google Scholar
Peccerillo, A and Taylor, SR (1976) Geochemistry of eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, Northern Turkey. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 58, 63–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pitcher, WS (1997) The Nature and Origin of Granite (2nd edition). London: Chapman & Hall, 386 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pons, J, Franchini, M, Meinert, L, López-Escobar, L and Maydagán, L (2010) Geology, petrography and geochemistry of igneous rocks related to mineralized skarns in the NW Neuquén basin, Argentina: implications for Cordilleran skarn exploration. Ore Geology Review 38, 37–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pu, W, Gao, JF, Zhao, KD, Ling, HF and Jiang, SY (2005) Separation method of Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd using DCTA and HIBA. Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Sciences) 41, 445–50 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Qiu, JT, Yu, XQ, Santosh, M, Zhang, DH, Chen, SQ and Li, JP (2013) Geochronology and magmatic oxygen fugacity of the Tongcun molybdenum deposit, northwest Zhejiang, SE China. Mineralogica Deposita 48, 545–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ren, JS, Niu, BG and Liu, ZG (1999) Soft collision, superposition orogeny and polycyclic suturing. Earth Science Frontiers 6, 85–93 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Ren, L (2017) Study on the diagenesis mechanisms and metallogenic model of skarn-type Fe-Cu (Mo) polymetallic deposit in the Lesser Xing’an Range, NE China. Master degree thesis), Jilin University, Changchun (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Ren, L, Sun, JG, Han, JL, Liu, Y, Wang, CS, Gu, AL, Zhao, KQ and Yu, RD (2017) Magmatism and metallogenic mechanisms of the Baoshan Cu-polymetallic deposit from the Lesser Xing’an Range, NE China: constraints from geology, geochronology, geochemistry, and Hf isotopes. Ore Geology Review 88, 270–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, JP (2003) Tectono-magmatic precursors for porphyry Cu-(Mo-Au) deposit formation. Economic Geology 98, 1515–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, JP (2011) High Sr/Y arc magmas and porphyry Cu ± Mo ± Au deposits: just add water. Economic Geology 106, 1075–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ridolfi, F, Renzulli, A and Puerini, M (2010) Stability and chemical equilibrium of amphibole in calc-alkaline magmas: an overview, new thermobarometric formulations and application to subduction-related volcanoes. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 160, 45–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robb, L (2005) Introduction to Ore-Forming Processes. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, —373 pp.Google Scholar
Rudnick, RL, Gao, S, Ling, WL, Liu, YS and McDonough, WF (2004) Petrology and geochemistry of spinel peridotite xenoliths from Hannuoba and Qixia, North China Craton. Lithos 77, 609–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saunders, AD, Norry, MJ and Tarney, J (1988) Origin of MORB and chemically-depleted mantle reservoirs: trace element constraints. Journal of Petrology 1, 415–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shi, PH, Yang, YC, Ye, SQ and Han, SJ (2012) Geological and geochemical characteristics and genesis of ferromolybdenum deposit in Wudaoling, Heilongjiang Province. Global Geology 31, 262–70 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Shu, Q-H, Chang, Z-S, Lai, Y, Zhou, Y-T, Sun, Y and Yan, C (2016) Regional metallogeny of Mo-bearing deposits in northeastern China, with new Re-Os dates of porphyry Mo deposits in the northern Xilamulun district. Economic Geology 111, 1783–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sillitoe, RH (2010) Porphyry copper systems. Economic Geology 150, 3–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sisson, TW (1994) Hornblende-melt trace-element partitioning measured by ion microprobe. Chemical Geology 117, 331–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soesoo, A (2000) Fractional crystallization of mantle-derived melts as a mechanism for some I-type granite petrogenesis: an example from Lachlan Fold Belt, Australia. Journal of the Geological Society 157, 135–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, DY, Wu, FY and Gao, S (2004) LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of the Qingshui pluton in the East Xiao Hinggan Mountains. Acta Geoscientifica Sinica 25, 213–18 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Sun, JG, Zhang, Y, Han, SJ, Men, LJ, Li, YX, Chai, P and Yang, F (2013) Timing of formation and geological setting of low-sulphidation epithermal gold deposits in the continental margin of NE China. International Geological Review 55, 608–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, JG, Zhang, Y, Xing, SW, Zhao, KQ, Zhang, ZJ, Bai, LA, Ma, YB and Liu, YS (2012) Genetic types, ore-forming age and geodynamic setting of endogenic molybdenum deposits in the eastern edge of Xing-Meng orogenic belt. Acta Geoscientifica Sinica 28, 1317–32 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Sun, SS and McDonough, WF (1989) Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. In Magmatism in the Ocean Basins (ed. Saunders, AD), pp. 313–45. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 42.Google Scholar
Sun, WD, Arculus, RJ, Kamenetsky, VS and Binns, RA (2004) Release of gold-bearing fluids in convergent margin magmas prompted by magnetite crystallization. Nature 431, 975–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sun, WD, Huang, R, Li, H, Hu, Y, Zhang, C, Sun, S, Zhang, L, Ding, X, Li, C, Zartman, RE and Ling, M (2015) Porphyry deposits and oxidized magmas. Ore Geology Review 65, 97–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sylvester, PJ (1998) Post-collisional strongly peraluminous granites. Lithos 45, 29–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tan, HY (2013) Metallogenetic series and prospecting assessment in Lesser Xing’an Range-Zhangguangcai Range metallogenic belt of Heilongjiang Province. M.S thesis, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Tomurtogoo, O, Windley, BF, Kroner, A, Badarch, G and Liu, DY (2005) Zircon age and occurrence of the Adaatsag ophiolite and Muron shear zone, central Mongolia: constraints on the evolution of the Mongol-Okhotsk ocean, suture and orogen. Journal of the Geological Society, London 162, 125–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trail, D, Watson, EB, Tailby, ND (2012) Ce and Eu anomalies in zircon as proxies for oxidation state of magmas. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 97, 70–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van der Voo, R, Spakman, W and Bijwaard, H (1999) Mesozoic subducted slabs under Siberia. Nature 397, 246–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vervoort, JD and Blichert-Toft, J (1999) Evolution of the depleted mantle: Hf isotope evidence from juvenile rocks through time. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 63, 533–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, F, Xu, WL, Gao, FH, Zhang, HH, Pei, FP, Zhao, L and Yang, Y (2014) Precambrian terrane within the Songnen-Zhangguangcai Range Massif, NE China; evidence from U-Pb ages of detrital zircons from the Dongfengshan and Tadong groups. Gondwana Research 26, 402–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, L, Yang, YC, Zhang, GB and Li, HY (2013) Chronology, geochemical characteristics and genesis of Qiupigou copper deposit in Heilongjiang. Global Geology 32, 24–34 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Wang, ZW, Xu, WL, Pei, FP, Wang, F and Guo, P (2016) Geochronology and geochemistry of early Paleozoic igneous rocks of the Lesser Xing’an Range, NE China: implications for the tectonic evolution of the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Lithos 261, 144–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wei, HY (2012) The geochronology and petrogenesis of granite in Yichun-Hegang area, Heilongjiang Province. Master degree thesis, Jilin University, Changchun, China (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Whalen, JB, Currie, KL and Chappell, BW (1987) A-type granites: geochemical characteristics, discrimination and petrogenesis. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 95, 407–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Windley, BF, Alexeiev, D, Xiao, WJ, Kröner, A and Badarch, G (2007) Tectonic models for accretion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Journal of the Geological Society, London 164, 31–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, FY, Jahn, BM, Wilde, S and Sun, DY (2000) Phanerozoic crustal growth. U-Pb and Sr-Nd isotopic evidence from the granites in northeastern China. Tectonophysics 328, 89–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, FY, Jahn, BM, Wilde, SA, Lo, CH, Yui, TF, Lin, Q, Ge, WC and Sun, DY (2003) Highly fractionated I-type granites in NE China (II): isotopic geochemistry and implications for crustal growth in the Phanerozoic. Lithos 67, 191–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, FY, Sun, DY, Ge, WC, Zhang, YB, Grant, ML, Wilde, SA and Jahn, BM (2011) Geochronology of the Phanerozoic granitoids in northeastern China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 41, 1–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, FY, Yang, JH, Lo, CH, Wilde, SA, Sun, DY and Jahn, BM (2007) The Heilongjiang Group: a Jurassic accretionary complex in the Jiamusi Massif at the western Pacific margin of northeastern China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 30, 542–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiao, WJ, Windley, BF, Hao, J and Zhai, MG (2003) Accretion leading to collision and the Permian Solonker suture, Inner Mongolia, China: termination of the central Asian orogenic belt. Tectonics 22, 1069–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xie, GQ, Mao, JW, Zhu, QQ, Yao, L, Li, YH, Li, W and Zhao, HJ (2015) Geochemical constraints on Cu-Fe and Fe skarn deposits in the Edong district, Middle-Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt, China. Ore Geology Review 64, 425–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, MJ, Xu, WL, Wang, F, Gao, FH and Yu, JJ (2013) Geochronology and geochemistry of the Early Jurassic granitoids in the central Lesser Xing’an Range, NE China and its tectonic implications. Acta Petrologica Sinica 29, 354–68 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Xu, ZT, Sun, JG, Liang, XL, Xu, ZK and Chu, XL (2020) Geochronology, geochemistry, and Pb-Hf isotopic composition of mineralization-related magmatic rocks in the Erdaohezi Pb-Zn Polymetallic Deposit, Great Xing’an Range, Northeast China. Minerals 10(3). doi: 10.3390/min10030274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, F (2013) The study on mineralization and metallogenic background of Dan’anhe gold deposit in Yichun, Heilongjiang Province. Master degree thesis, Jilin University, Changchun, China (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Yang, JH, Wu, FY, Shao, JA, Wilde, SA, Xie, LW and Liu, XM (2006) Constraints on the timing of uplift of the Yanshan fold and thrust belt, North China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 246, 336–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, YC, Han, SJ, Sun, DY, Guo, J and Zhang, SJ (2012) Geological and geochemical features and geochronology of porphyry molybdenum deposits in the Lesser Xing’an Range-Zhangguangcai Range metallogenic belt. Acta Petrologica Sinica 28, 379–90 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Yao, L, Lü, ZC, Zhao, CS, Pang, ZS, Yu, XF, Yang, T, Li, YS, Liu, P and Zhao, MC (2017) Zircon U-Pb geochronological, trace element, and Hf isotopic constraints on the genesis of the Fe and Cu skarn deposits in the Qiman Tagh area, Qinghai Province, Eastern Kunlun Orogen, China. Ore Geology Review 91, 387–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, JJ, Wang, F, Xu, WL, Gao, FH and Pei, FP (2012) Early Jurassic mafic magmatism in the Lesser Xing’an– Zhangguangcai Range, NE China, and its tectonic implications: constraints from zircon U-Pb chronology and geochemistry. Lithos 142–143, 256–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zartman, RE and Doe, BR (1981) Plumbotectonics – the model. Tectonophysics 75, 135–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, DH, Zhou, SH, Wan, TF, Xi, BB and Li, JP (2007) Depth of ore deposit formation and prognosis of deep-seated ore deposits. Geological Bulletin of China 26, 1509–18.Google Scholar
Zhang, Y (2013) Research on characteristics of geology, geochemistry and metallogenic mechanism of the Jurassic molybdenite deposits in the Mid- East area of Jilin. MS thesis, Jilin University, Changchun, China (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Zhang, Y, Sun, JG, Xing, SW and Zhang, ZJ (2018) Geochronology and geochemistry of the Cuihongshan Fe-polymetallic deposit, northeastern China: implications for ore genesis and tectonic setting. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, 475–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, ZC, Mao, JW, Wang, YB, Pirajno, P, Liu, JL and Zhao, ZD (2010) Geochemistry and geochronology of the volcanic rocks associated with the Dong’an adularia–sericite epithermal gold deposit, Lesser Hinggan Range, Heilongjiang province, NE China: constraints on the metallogenesis. Ore Geology Review 37, 158–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, HL (2014) Ore genesis and geodynamic settings of tungsten deposits in eastern Jilin and Heilongjiang Provinces. MS thesis, Jilin University, Changchun, China (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Zhao, K, Xu, XS, and Erdmann, S (2017) Crystallization conditions of peraluminous charnockites: constraints from mineral thermometry and thermodynamic modelling. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 172 (5), 26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, YM, Feng, CY, Li, DX, Liu, JN, Xiao, Y, Yu, M and Ma, SC (2013) Metallogenic setting and mineralization-alteration characteristics of major skarn Fe-polymetallic deposits in Qimantag area, western Qinhai Province. Mineral Deposits 32, 1–19 (in Chinese with English abstract).Google Scholar
Zhao, ZH, Sun, JG, Li, GH, Xu, WX, Lv, CL, Wu, S, Guo, Y, Liu, J and Ren, L (2019) Early Cretaceous gold mineralization in the Lesser Xing’an Range of NE China: the Yongxin example. International Geology Review 61, 1522–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhong, SH, Feng, CY, Reimar, S, Li, DX and Dai, ZH (2018) Geochemical contrasts between Late Triassic ore-bearing and barren intrusions in the Weibao Cu-Pb-Zn deposit, East Kunlun Mountains, NW China: constraints from accessory minerals (zircon and apatite). Mineralogica Deposita 53, 855–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, J-B, Wilde, SA, Zhang, X-Z, Zhao, G-C, Zheng, C-Q, Wang, Y-J and Zhang, X-H (2009) The onset of Pacific margin accretion in NE China: evidence from the Heilongjiang high-pressure metamorphic belt. Tectonophysics 478, 230–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zou, XY, Qin, KZ, Han, XL, Li, GM, Evans, NJ, Li, ZZ and Yang, W (2019) Insight into zircon REE oxy-barometers: a lattice strain model perspective. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 506, 87–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar