Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T22:20:51.187Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Controlling factors in the evolution of the graptolites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

N. H. Kirk
N. H. Kirk
Affiliation:
Geology Department, University College of Wales, Penglais, Aberystwyth, SY24 5BG, U.K.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Recent ideas on evolution in the graptolites have been based upon an assumption either of passive flotation and passive feeding, or of active and co-ordinated ciliary feeding resulting in automobility. These ideas are compared and a possible evolutionary consequence of automobility is suggested.

Type
Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 117 , Issue 3 , May 1980 , pp. 277 - 284
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1980

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barnes, C. R., Jackson, D. E. & Norford, B. S. 1976. Correlation between Canadian Ordovician zonations based on graptolites, conodonts and benthic macrofossils from key successions. In The Ordovician System: Proceedings of a Palaeontological Association Symposium, Birmingham, September 1974 (ed.: Basset, M. G.), pp. 206–26. University of Wales Press and National Museum of Wales, Cardiff.Google Scholar
Bates, D. E. B. & Kirk, N. H. 1978. Contrasting modes of construction of retiolite-type rhabdosomes. Acta palaeont. pol. 23, 427–48Google Scholar
Berry, W. B. N. 1977. Graptolite biostratigraphy: A wedding of classical principles and current concepts. In Concepts and Methods of Biostratigraphy (ed. Kauffman, E. G. and Hazel, J. E.), pp. 321–38. Stroudsburg, Penn.: Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross.Google Scholar
Berry, W. B. N. & Boucot, A. J. 1972. Silurian graptolite depth zonation. Proc. 24th Int. Geol. Congr., Montreal 7, 59–65.Google Scholar
Bulman, O. M. B. 1964. Lower Palaeozoic plankton. Q. Jl geol. Soc. Lond. 120, 455–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowther, P. & Rickards, R. B. 1977. Cortical bandages and the graptolite zooid. Geologica & Palaeontol., Marburg, 11, 9–46.Google Scholar
Erdtmann, B. D. 1976. Ecostratigraphy of Ordovician graptoloids. In The Ordovician System: Proceedings of a Palaeontological Association Symposium, Birmingham, September 1974 (ed. Basset, M. G.), pp. 621–43. Cardiff: University of Wales Press and National Museum of Wales.Google Scholar
Finney, S. C. 1979. Mode of life of planktonic graptolites: flotation structure in Ordovician Dicellograptus sp. Paleobiology 5, 31–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, D. E. 1966. Graptolitic facies of the Canadian Cordillera and Arctic Archipelago: A review. Bull. Can. Petrol Geol. 14, 469–85.Google Scholar
Jackson, D. E. 1973. Amplexograptus and Glyptograptus isolated from Ordovician limestones in Manitoba. In Contributions to Canadian Paleontology. Bull. geol. Surv. Can. no. 222, pp. 1–18.Google Scholar
Jackson, D. E., Lenz, A. C. & Pedder, A. E. H. 1978. Late Silurian and early Devonian graptolite, brachiopod and coral faunas from northwestern and arctic Canada. Spec. Pap. Geol. Ass. Can. no. 17.Google Scholar
Jaeger, H. 1978. Late graptoloid faunas and the problem of graptoloid extinction. Acta palaeont. pol. 23, 497–521.Google Scholar
Kaljo, D. L. 1978. On the bathymetric distribution of graptolites. Acta paleont. pol. 23, 523–31.Google Scholar
Kirk, N. H. 1969. Some thoughts on the ecology, mode of life and evolution of the Graptolithina. Proc. geol. Soc. pp. 273–92.Google Scholar
Kirk, N. H. 1972(a). More thoughts on the automobility of the graptolites. J. geol. Soc. 128, 127–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirk, N. H. 1972(b). Some thoughts on the construction of the rhabdosome in the Graptolithina, with special reference to extrathecal tissue and its bearing on the theory of automobility. Geol. Dept. Publ. U.C.W., Aberystwyth, no. 1, 1–21.Google Scholar
Kirk, N. H. 1973. Some thoughts on the construction and functioning of the rhabdosomes in the Retiolitidae. Geol. Dept. Publ. U.C.W., Aberystwyth, no. 3, 1–26.Google Scholar
Kirk, N. H. 1974(a). Some thoughts on convergence and divergence in the Graptolithina. Geol. Dept. Publ. U.C.W., Aberystwyth, no. 5, 1–28.Google Scholar
Kirk, N. H. 1974(b). More thoughts on the construction of the rhabdosome in the Dendriodea, in the light of the ultrastructure of the Dendroidea and of Mastigograptus. Geol. Dept. Publ. U.C. W., Aberystwyth, no. 6, 1–10.Google Scholar
Kirk, N. H. 1975. More thoughts on the construction and functioning of the rhabdosome in the Graptoloidea in the light of their ultrastructure. Geol. Dept. Publ. U.C.W., Aberystwyth, no. 7, 1–21Google Scholar
Kirk, N. H. 1978. Mode of life of graptolites. Acta palaeont. pol. 23, 533–55.Google Scholar
Kirk, N. H. 1979. Thoughts on coloniality in the Graptolithina. Systematics Association Special Volume, no. 11. In Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms (ed. Larwood, G. and Rosen, B. R.), pp. 411–32. London, New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Koren', T. N. 1979. Late Monograptid faunas and the problem of graptolite extinction. Acta palaeont. pol. 24, 79–106.Google Scholar
Rickards, R. B. 1975. Palaeoecology of the Graptolithina, an extinct class of the phylum Hemichordata. Biol. Rev. 50, 397–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rickards, R. B. 1977. Patterns of evolution in the graptolites. In Patterns of Evolution (ed. Hallam, A.), pp. 333–58. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Rickards, R. B. 1978. Major aspects of evolution of the graptolites. Acta palaeont. pol. 23, 585–94.Google Scholar
Skevington, D. 1966. The morphology and systematics of ‘Didymograptus’ fasciculatus Nicholson, 1869. Geol. Mag. 103, 487–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skevington, D. 1967. Probable instance of genetic polymorphism in the graptolites. Nature, Lond. 213, 810–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomczykowa, E. & Tomczyk, H. 1979. Stratigraphy of the Polish Silurian and Lower Devonian and development of the Proto-Tethys. Acta palaeont. pol. 24, 165–83.Google Scholar