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The Cuyano proto-ocean between the Chilenia and Cuyania terranes: rifting and plume interaction during the Neoproterozoic – early Palaeozoic evolution of the SW Gondwana margin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 April 2021

Sofía B. Pérez Luján Open the ORCID record for Sofía B. Pérez Luján [Opens in a new window] ,
Florencia L. Boedo ,
Juan P. Ariza ,
Graciela I. Vujovich ,
Patricia Alvarado  and
Suzanne M. Kay
Sofía B. Pérez Luján*
Affiliation:
Grupo de Sismotectónica, Centro de Investigaciones de la Geósfera y la Biósfera (CIGEOBIO) - CONICET, San Juan J5402DCS, Argentina Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan J5402DCS, Argentina
Florencia L. Boedo
Affiliation:
CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios Andinos “Don Pablo Groeber” (IDEAN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
Juan P. Ariza
Affiliation:
Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan J5402DCS, Argentina Instituto Geofísico Sismológico Volponi – CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan 5407, Argentina
Graciela I. Vujovich
Affiliation:
CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios Andinos “Don Pablo Groeber” (IDEAN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino (SEGEMAR), Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales, Buenos Aires B1650KNA, Argentina
Patricia Alvarado
Affiliation:
Grupo de Sismotectónica, Centro de Investigaciones de la Geósfera y la Biósfera (CIGEOBIO) - CONICET, San Juan J5402DCS, Argentina Departamento de Geofísica y Astronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan J5402DCS, Argentina
Suzanne M. Kay
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and INSTOC, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, United States
*
*Author for correspondence: Sofía B. Pérez Luján, Grupo de Sismotectónica, Email: sofiap.lujan@unsj-cuim.edu.ar
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Abstract

The Precordillera mafic–ultramafic belt (PMUB), located in central-western Argentina, comprises mafic and ultramafic bodies interlayered and/or in tectonic contact with marine siliciclastic units. Whole-rock, mineral geochemistry and Nd–Sr isotope analyses performed in magmatic rocks suggest a relatively different spatial and temporal evolution along the belt. The southern PMUB (south of 32° S) evolved as an intra-continental rifted margin with an enriched mid-ocean-ridge basalt (E-MORB) tholeiitic to alkaline magmatism, to a proto-ocean basin (the Cuyano proto-ocean) with tholeiitic normal-MORB geochemical signature. Based on neodymium model ages (TDM), the magmatic activity started during the late Neoproterozoic Era and continued into the early Palaeozoic Era. Instead, the northern PMUB (28–32° S) evolved as an intra-continental rifted margin with dominant tholeiitic E-MORB to continental flood basalt (CFB) magmatism during the early Palaeozoic Era. ϵNd values (+3.4 to +8.4), rare earth element trends and high-field-strength element systematics, together with an estimated potential mantle temperature of c. 50–100°C above ambient mantle, suggest the PMUB magmatism derived from an enriched mantle source related to the effect of a rising plume linked to the Iapetus Ocean opening. In particular, TDM estimations of 600–550 Ma agree with reported magmatism in central to southern Appalachians. The magmatism in the PMUB, and those registered in the Neoproterozoic Catoctin Formation and in the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen in the conjugated Laurentian margin, seem to be contemporaneous, sharing a similar plume-enriched mantle source. In this context, the E-MORB signature identified along the PMUB can be described as a plume-distal ridge tectonic setting over an extended margin.

Keywords

continental flood basaltsE-MORBoceanic crustIapetus OceanWestern Argentine Precordillera
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 158 , Issue 10 , October 2021 , pp. 1773 - 1794
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Supplementary material: File

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Table S1

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Table S3

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Table S2

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