Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T16:03:05.034Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The first occurrence of the earliest species of Acadoparadoxides outside West Gondwana (Cambrian; Holy Cross Mountains, Poland)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 May 2018

JAKUB NOWICKI Open the ORCID record for JAKUB NOWICKI [Opens in a new window]  and
ANNA ŻYLIŃSKA
JAKUB NOWICKI*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 93, PL-02-089 Warsaw, Poland
ANNA ŻYLIŃSKA
Affiliation:
Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 93, PL-02-089 Warsaw, Poland
*
*Author for correspondence: q.nowicki@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Two hundred and eighty specimens of paradoxidids from two localities in the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland) have been reanalysed using morphometric techniques. Revision of the dataset provided evidence for the presence of two endemic taxa: Acadoparadoxides kozlowskii (Orłowski, 1959) and Acadoparadoxides samsonowiczi (Orłowski, 1959), both belonging to the earliest group of Acadoparadoxides, initially considered to be present only in Gondwanan successions. Thus, this is the first description of the members of this group outside West Gondwana. The taxonomic revision, and the presence of representatives of the earliest acadoparadoxidines coupled with the absence of taxa typical of Scandinavia that were previously described from this locality have resulted in the modification of the biostratigraphic scheme hitherto used in the Holy Cross Mountains. The newly established A. samsonowiczi – A. kozlowskii Assemblage Zone is correlated with the Morocconus notabilis Zone of Morocco, and thus represents the Cambrian Series 2 and 3 boundary interval. Links with West Gondwana challenge the existing palaeogeographic interpretations for the southern part of the Holy Cross Mountains and point to an urgent need to revise the position of the Małopolska Block during the middle Cambrian.

Keywords

ParadoxididaeTrilobitaCambrianHoly Cross Mountainsbiostratigraphypalaeogeography
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 156 , Issue 6 , June 2019 , pp. 1027 - 1051
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, D. C., Collyer, M. L., Kaliontzopoulou, A. & Sherratt, E. 2016. Geomorph: Software for Geometric Morphometric Analyses. R Package Version 3.0.2. Available at http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geomorph/index.html (accessed 25 August 2016).Google Scholar
Adams, D. C. & Otárola-Castillo, E. 2013. geomorph: an R package for the collection and analysis of geometric morphometric shape data. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 4, 393–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Álvaro, J. J., Esteve, J. & Zamora, S. 2017. Morphological assessment of the earliest paradoxidid trilobites (Cambrian Series 3) from Morocco and Spain. Geological Magazine 154, 1306–28.Google Scholar
Angielczyk, K. D. & Sheets, H. D. 2007. Investigation of simulated tectonic deformation in fossils using geometric morphometrics. Paleobiology 33, 125–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asklund, B. & Thorslund, P. 1935. Fjällkedjerandens bergbyggnad i norra Jämtland och Ångermanland. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning C 382, 1–110.Google Scholar
Barrande, J. 1846. Notice préliminaire sur se système silurien et les trilobites de Bohême. Prague: C. L. Hirschfeld, 97 pp.Google Scholar
Barrande, J. 1852. Système silurien du centre de la Bohême. 1ère partie: Recherches paléontologiques. Vol. I. Crustacés: Trilobites. Prague: issued by the author, 935 pp.Google Scholar
Bassett, M. G., Popov, L. E. & Holmer, L. E. 2002. Brachiopods: Cambrian–Tremadoc precursors to Ordovician radiation events. In Palaeobiogeography and Biodiversity Change: The Ordovician and Mesozoic–Cenozoic Radiations (eds Crame, J. A. & Owen, A. W.), pp. 13–23. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 194.Google Scholar
Bednarczyk, W. 1970. Trilobites fauna of the Lower Paradoxides oelandicus stage from the Brzechów area in the western part of the Świętokrzyskie Mts. Bulletin de l'Académie Polonaise des Sciences, Série des sciences chimiques, géologiques et géographiques 18, 29–35.Google Scholar
Bednarczyk, W., Lendzion, K. & Orłowski, S. 1990. Rodzina Paradoxididae Hawle et Corda, 1847. In Budowa Geologiczna Polski. Tom III. Atlas Skamieniałości Przewodnich i Charakterystycznych. Część 1a. Paleozoik Starszy (z Proterozoikiem Górnym). Ryfej, Wend, Kambr, pp. 58–61. Warsaw, Poland: Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny.Google Scholar
Belka, Z., Valverde-Vaquero, P., Dörr, W., Ahrendt, H., Wemmer, K., Franke, W. & Schäfer, J. 2002. Accretion of first Gondwana-derived terranes at the margin of Baltica. Palaeozoic Amalgamation of Central Europe 201, 19–36.Google Scholar
Clarke, K. R. 1993. Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Australian Journal of Ecology 18, 117–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Czarnocki, J. 1927a. Kambr i jego fauna w środkowej części Gór Świętokrzyskich. Sprawozdania Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 4, 189–208.Google Scholar
Czarnocki, J. 1927b. Le Cambrien et la faune cambrienne de la partie moyenne du Massif de Swiety Krzyz (Ste Croix). In Extrait du Compte-Rendu XIVème Congrès Géologique International, pp. 1–18.Google Scholar
Dean, W. T. 2005. Trilobites from the Çal Tepe Formation (Cambrian), near Seydişehir, Central Taurides, Southwestern Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 14, 1–71.Google Scholar
Dean, W. T. & Rushton, A. W. A. 1997. Superfamily Paradoxidoidea. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1. Trilobita, Revised (eds Whittington, H. B., Chatterton, B. D. E., Speyer, S. E., Fortey, R. A., Owens, R. M., Chang, W. T., Dean, W. T., Geyer, G., Jell, P. A., Laurie, J. R., Palmer, A. R., Repina, L. N., Rushton, A. W. A., Shergold, J. H., Clarkson, E. N. K., Wilmot, N. V. & Kelly, S. R. A.), pp. O470–81. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press / Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America.Google Scholar
Drygant, D. & Konstantinenko, L. 2001. A new trilobite genus from the Cambrian of the Carpathian Foredeep. Paleontological Collection 33, 28–31 (in Ukrainian).Google Scholar
Dzik, J. & Orłowski, S. 1995. Primitive ctenocystoid echinoderm from the earliest Middle Cambrian of Poland. Annales de Paléontologie 81, 17–35.Google Scholar
Elicki, O. & Geyer, G. 2013. The Cambrian trilobites of Jordan – taxonomy, systematic and stratigraphic significance. Acta Geologica Polonica 63, 1–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esteve, J. 2014. Intraspecific variability in paradoxidid trilobites from the Purujosa trilobite assemblage (middle Cambrian, northeast Spain). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59, 215–40.Google Scholar
Geyer, G. 1993. The giant Cambrian trilobites of Morocco. Beringeria 8, 71–107.Google Scholar
Geyer, G. 1998. Intercontinental, trilobite-based correlation of the Moroccan early Middle Cambrian. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35, 374–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geyer, G. 2016. Taxonomy of the ‘Micmacca’ group, new Cambrian Chengkouiidae (Trilobita) from Morocco, and their bearing on intercontinental correlation. Australasian Palaeontological Memoirs 49, 329–93.Google Scholar
Geyer, G. & Landing, E. 2001. Middle Cambrian of Avalonian Massachusetts: stratigraphy and correlation of the Braintree trilobites. Journal of Paleontology 75, 116–35.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geyer, G. & Landing, E. 2004. A unified Lower–Middle Cambrian chronostratigraphy for West Gondwana. Acta Geologica Polonica 54, 179–218.Google Scholar
Geyer, G. & Landing, E. 2006. Latest Ediacaran and Cambrian of the Moroccan Atlas regions. In Ediacaran–Cambrian Depositional Environments and Stratigraphy of the Western Atlas Regions (eds Geyer, G. & Landing, E.), pp. 7–46. University College London Maghreb Petroleum Research Group, Infracambrian / Early Palaeozic Field Guide Series 1 and Beringeria Special Issue 6.Google Scholar
Geyer, G. & Vincent, T. 2015. The Paradoxides puzzle resolved: the appearance of the oldest paradoxidines and its bearing on the Cambrian Series 3 lower boundary. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 89, 335–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gozalo, R., Dies Alvarez, M. E., Gamez Vintaned, J. A., Zhuravlev, A., Bauluz, B., Subías, I., Chirivella Martorell, J. B., Mayoral, E., Gursky, H. J., Andrés, J. A. & Liñán, E. 2013. Proposal of a reference section and point for the Cambrian Series 2–3 boundary in the Mediterranean subprovince in Murero (NE Spain) and its intercontinental correlation. Geological Journal 48, 142–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, J. 1834. Descriptions of some new North American trilobites. American Journal of Science 25, 334–7.Google Scholar
Haber, A. 2011. OSymm. Available at http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/morph/morphmet/OSymm.R (accessed 29 April 2015).Google Scholar
Hawle, I. & Corda, A. J. C. 1847. Prodrom einer Monographie der böhmischen Trilobiten. Prague: J. G. Calve, 176 pp.Google Scholar
Hughes, N. C. & Jell, P. A. 1992. A statistical/computer-graphic technique for assessing variation in tectonically deformed fossils and its application to Cambrian trilobites from Kashmir. Lethaia 25, 317–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hupé, P. 1953. Contribution a l’étude du Cambrien inférieur et du Précambrien III de l'Anti-Atlas marocain. Notes et Mémoires de la Service géologique du Maroc 103, 1–402.Google Scholar
Jendryka-Fuglewicz, B. 1992. Analiza porównawcza ramienionogów z utworów kambru Gór Świętokrzyskich i platformy prekambryjskiej w Polsce [Comparison analysis of brachiopods from the Cambrian deposits of the Holy Cross Mountains]. Przegląd Geologiczny 40, 150–5.Google Scholar
Kerner, A. & Debrenne, F. 2013. The role of Archaeocyatha in Cambrian biostratigraphy and biogeography. In Early Palaeozoic Biogeography and Palaeogeography (eds Harper, D.A.T. & Servais, T.), pp. 59–66. Geological Society of London, Memoir 38.Google Scholar
Klingenberg, C. P., Barluenga, M. & Meyer, A. 2002. Shape analysis of symmetric structures: quantifying variation among individuals and asymmetry. Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution 56, 1909–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kowalczewski, Z., Żylińska, A. & Szczepanik, Z. 2006. Kambr w Górach Świętokrzyskich. In LXXVII Zjazd Naukowy Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego, Ameliówka k. Kielc 28–30 czerwca 2006 r., pp. 14–27. Warsaw, Poland: Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny.Google Scholar
Laibl, L., Esteve, J. & Fatka, O. 2017. Giant postembryonic stages of Hydrocephalus and Eccaparadoxides and the origin of lecithotrophy in Cambrian trilobites. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 470, 109–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landing, E., Geyer, G., Brasier, M. D. & Bowring, S. A. 2013. Cambrian evolutionary radiation: context, correlation, and chronostratigraphy – overcoming deficiencies of the first appearance datum (FAD) concept. Earth-Science Reviews 123, 133–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masiak, M. & Żylińska, A. 1994. Burgess Shale-type fossils in Cambrian sandstones of the Holy Cross Mountains. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 39, 329–40.Google Scholar
Matthew, G. F. 1887. Illustrations of the fauna of the St. John Group, No. IV. On the smaller-eyed trilobites of Division I, with a few remarks on the species of the higher divisions of the group. Canadian Record of Science 2, 357–63.Google Scholar
Meyer, D., Dimitriadou, E., Hornik, K., Weingessel, A. & Leisch, F. 2017. e1071: Misc Functions of the Department of Statistics, Probability Theory Group (Formerly: E1071), TU Wien. Available at https://cran.r-project.org/package=e1071 (accessed 5 December 2017).Google Scholar
Narkiewicz, M. & Petecki, Z. 2017. Basement structure of the Paleozoic Platform in Poland. Geological Quarterly 61, 502–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nawrocki, J., Dunlap, J., Pecskay, Z., Krzemiński, L., Żylińska, A., Fanning, M., Kozłowski, W., Salwa, S., Szczepanik, Z. & Trela, W. 2007. Late Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic paleogeography of the Holy Cross Mountains (Central Europe): an integrated approach. Journal of the Geological Society of London 164, 405–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, A. T. & Schovsbo, N. H. 2015. The regressive Early-Mid Cambrian ‘Hawke Bay Event’ in Baltoscandia: epeirogenic uplift in concert with eustasy. Earth-Science Reviews 151, 288–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nowicki, J. 2015. morphoutils. Available at https://github.com/jakubnowicki/morphoutils.Google Scholar
Nowicki, J. 2016. geomorphotest. Available at https://github.com/jakubnowicki/geomorphotest.Google Scholar
Orłowski, S. 1957. On the presence of Paradoxides ölandicus beds in the Holy Cross Mountains. Bulletin de l'Académie Polonaise des Sciences, Série des sciences chimiques, géologiques et géographiques 5, 769–72.Google Scholar
Orłowski, S. 1959a. Paradoxidae from lower Middle Cambrian strata in the vicinity of Sandomierz (Central Poland). Bulletin de l'Académie Polonaise des Sciences, Série des sciences chimiques, géologiques et géographiques 7, 441–6.Google Scholar
Orłowski, S. 1959b. Ellipsocephalidae from the Lower Beds of the Middle Cambrian in the vicinity of Sandomierz (Central Poland). Bulletin de l'Académie Polonaise des Sciences, Série des sciences chimiques, géologiques et géographiques 7, 515–20.Google Scholar
Orłowski, S. 1964. Kambr środkowy i jego fauna we wschodniej części Gór Świętokrzyskich [Middle Cambrian and its fauna in the eastern part of the Holy Cross Mts.]. Studia Geologica Polonica 16, 1–94.Google Scholar
Orłowski, S. 1975. Jednostki litostratygraficzne kambru i górnego prekambru w Górach Świetokrzyskich [Cambrian and Upper Precambrian lithostratigraphic units in the Holy Cross Mts.] Acta Geologica Polonica 25, 431–48.Google Scholar
Orłowski, S. 1985. New data on the Middle Cambrian trilobites and stratigraphy in the Holy Cross Mts. Acta Geologica Polonica 35, 251–63.Google Scholar
Orłowski, S. 1992. Cambrian stratigraphy and stage subdivision in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Geological Magazine 129, 471–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
R Core Team. 2016. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Available at https://www.r-project.org/.Google Scholar
Reed, F. R. C. 1910. The Cambrian fossils of Spiti. Palaeontologia Indica Series 15 7, 1–70.Google Scholar
Richter, R. 1932. Crustacea (Paläontologie). In Handwörterbuch der Naturwissenschaften, 2. Auflage 2. (eds Dittler, R., Joos, D., Korschelt, E., Linck, G., Oltmanns, F. & Schaum, K.), pp. 840–64. Jena: Fischer.Google Scholar
Rohlf, F. J. 2016. TPS Software Series. Available at http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/ee/rohlf/software.html (accessed 13 April 2015).Google Scholar
Rushton, A. W. A. & Weidner, T. 2007. The Middle Cambrian paradoxidid trilobite Hydrocephalus from Jämtland, central Sweden. Acta Geologica Polonica 57, 391–401.Google Scholar
Rushton, A. W. A., Weidner, T. & Ebbestad, J. O. R. 2016. Paradoxidid trilobites from a mid-Cambrian (Series 3, stage 5) limestone concretion from Jämtland, central Sweden. Bulletin of Geosciences 91, 515–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samsonowicz, J. 1959. On Strenuaeva from Lower Cambrian in Klimontów Anticlinorium. Bulletin de l'Académie Polonaise des Sciences, Série des Sciences Chimiques, Géologiques et Géographiques 7, 521–4.Google Scholar
Sdzuy, K. 1958. Neue Trilobiten aus dem Mittelkambrium von Spanien. Senckenbergiana lethaea 39, 235–53.Google Scholar
Sdzuy, K. 1967. Trilobites del Cámbrico Medio de Asturias. Trabajos de Geología, Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo 1, 77–133.Google Scholar
Servais, T., Danelian, T., Alexander, D., Harper, T. & Munnecke, A. 2014. Possible oceanic circulation patterns, surface water currents and upwelling zones in the Early Palaeozoic. GFF 136, 229–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sjögren, A. 1872. Om några försteningar i Ölands kambriska lager. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar 1 (5), 67–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, A. G. 2001. Paleomagnetically and tectonically based global maps for Vendian to Mid-Ordovician Time. In The Ecology of the Cambrian Radiation, pp. 11–46. NewYork: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Šnajdr, M. 1957. O nových trilobitech z českého kambria. Věstnik Ústředniho ústavu geologického 32, 235–44.Google Scholar
Šnajdr, M. 1958. Trilobiti českého středního kambria. Rozpravy Ústředniho ústavu geologického 24, 1–280.Google Scholar
Šnajdr, M. 1986. Two new paradoxid trilobites from Jince Formation (Middle Cambrian, Czechoslovakia). Věstnik Ústředniho ústavu geologického 61, 169–74.Google Scholar
Šnajdr, M. 1987. The genera Paradoxides Brongniart and Hydrocephalus Barrande (Trilobita). Věstnik Ústředniho ústavu geologického 62, 97–104.Google Scholar
Solov'ev, A. I. 1969. Novye vidy Paradoxides (trilobity) iz goryuchikh slantsev amginskogo yarusa Severnoy Yakutii. Uchenie zapiyski, NIIGA, paleontologiya i biostratigrafiya 25, 9–20.Google Scholar
Srivastava, D. C. & Shah, J. 2006. Digital method for strain estimation and retrodeformation of bilaterally symmetric fossils. Geology 34, 593–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stasińska, A. 1960. Velumbrella czarnockii n. gen., n. sp. – méduse du Cambrien Inférieur des Monts de Sainte-Croix. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 5, 337–44.Google Scholar
Sundberg, F. A., Geyer, G., Kruse, P. D., McCollum, L. B., Pegel’, T. V., Żylińska, A. & Zhuravlev, A. Y. 2016. International correlation of the Cambrian Series 2–3, Stages 4–5 boundary interval. Australasian Paleontological Memoirs 49, 83–124.Google Scholar
Torsvik, T. H. & Cocks, L. R. M. 2013. New global palaeogeographical reconstructions for the Early Palaeozoic and their generation. In Early Palaeozoic Biogeography and Palaeogeography (eds Harper, D.A.T. & Servais, T.), pp. 5–24. Geological Society of London, Memoir 38.Google Scholar
Walch, J. E. I. 1771. Die Naturgeschichte der Versteinerungen zur Erläuterung der Knorrischen Sammlung von Merkwürdigkeiten der Natur. Nürnberg: Felßecker, 303 pp.Google Scholar
Walczak, A. & Belka, Z. 2017. Fingerprinting Gondwana versus Baltica provenance: Nd and Sr isotopes in Lower Paleozoic clastic rocks of the Małopolska and Łysogóry terranes, southern Poland. Gondwana Research 45, 138–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weidner, T. R., Rushton, A. W. A. & Ebbestad, J. O. R. 2014. A paradoxidid–agnostoid fauna from the mid-Cambrian (Stage 5) of the Caledonian Lower Allochthon on Tåsjöberget, Ångermanland, Sweden. GFF 136, 513–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westergård, A. H. 1936. Paradoxides oelandicus Beds of Öland. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning C 394, 1–66.Google Scholar
Whittington, H. B. 1997. Morphology of the exoskeleton. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1. Trilobita, Revised (eds. Whittington, H. B., Chatterton, B. D. E., Speyer, S. E., Fortey, R. A., Owens, R. M., Chang, W. T., Dean, W. T., Geyer, G., Jell, P. A., Laurie, J. R., Palmer, A. R., Repina, L. N., Rushton, A. W. A., Shergold, J. H., Clarkson, E. N. K., Wilmot, N. V. & Kelly, S. R. A.), pp. O1–O67. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press / Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America.Google Scholar
Winrow, P. & Sutton, M. D. 2014. Lingulate brachiopods and the Early Palaeozoic history of the Iapetus Ocean. Lethaia 47, 456–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zelditch, M. L., Swiderski, D. L. & Sheets, H. D. 2012. Geometric Morphometrics for Biologists: A Primer. Second edition. London: Elsevier Academic Press, 488 pp.Google Scholar
Żylińska, A. 2013a. Ewolucja zespołów trylobitowych z drugiego i trzeciego oddziału kambru Gór Świętokrzyskich i ich znaczenie biogeograficzne (Evolution of trilobite assemblages from the Cambrian Series 2 and 3 of the Holy Cross Mountains and their biogeographic significance). Przegląd Geologiczny 61, 30–9.Google Scholar
Żylińska, A. 2013b. The oldest Cambrian trilobites from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland: taxonomic, stratigraphic and biogeographic reappraisal. Acta Geologica Polonica 63, 57–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Żylińska, A., Kin, A. & Nowicki, J. 2013. Application of morphometric techniques for taxonomic revision of Berabichia oratrix (Orłowski, 1985) (Trilobita, Cambrian) from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Geodiversitas 35, 505–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Żylińska, A. & Masiak, M. 2007. Cambrian trilobites from Brzechów, Holy Cross Mountains (Poland) and their significance in stratigraphic correlation and biogeographic reconstructions. Geological Magazine 144, 661–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Żylińska, A. & Szczepanik, Z. 2009. Trilobite and acritarch assemblages from the Lower – Middle Cambrian boundary interval in the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland). Acta Geologica Polonica 59, 413–58.Google Scholar