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The graptolite, conodont and sedimentary record through the late Ludlow Kozlowskii Event (Silurian) in the shale-dominated succession of Bohemia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 October 2011

ŠTĚPÁN MANDA ,
PETR ŠTORCH ,
LADISLAV SLAVÍK ,
JIŘÍ FRÝDA ,
JIŘÍ KŘÍŽ  and
ZUZANA TASÁRYOVÁ
ŠTĚPÁN MANDA*
Affiliation:
Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3/131, Praha 1, 118 21, Czech Republic
PETR ŠTORCH
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 135, Praha 6, 165 00, Czech Republic
LADISLAV SLAVÍK
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 135, Praha 6, 165 00, Czech Republic
JIŘÍ FRÝDA
Affiliation:
Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3/131, Praha 1, 118 21, Czech Republic Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6, 165 21, Czech Republic
JIŘÍ KŘÍŽ
Affiliation:
Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3/131, Praha 1, 118 21, Czech Republic
ZUZANA TASÁRYOVÁ
Affiliation:
Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3/131, Praha 1, 118 21, Czech Republic
*
†Author for correspondence: stepan.manda@geology.cz
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Abstract

The shale-dominated hemipelagic succession exposed in the southwestern part of the Prague Synform preserves the most complete Ludfordian graptolite record so far encountered from peri-Gondwanan Europe. Four graptolite biozones – the Neocucullograptus inexpectatus, Nc. kozlowskii, Pseudomonoclimacis latilobus–Slovinograptus balticus and Pristiograptus fragmentalis biozones – are recognized in the middle and late Ludfordian, between the Bohemograptus tenuis Biozone and the base of the Pridoli Series. Conodont occurrences are restricted to scattered limestone beds, but enable tentative integration of the graptolite and conodont biozonal schemes. Particular attention was paid to faunal and sedimentary changes and the carbon isotope record across the middle Ludfordian Kozlowskii extinction Event. The Kozlowskii Event caused the almost simultaneous extinction of graptolites with ventrally curved rhabdosomes. The genera Bohemograptus, Polonograptus and Neocucullograptus, along with Pseudomonoclimacis dalejensis, disappeared from the fossil record. The offshore conodont fauna recorded in the section was not strongly affected and similarly the pelagic orthocerids and nektonic Ceratiocaris passed unaffected through the extinction interval. The abundant and widespread pelagic myodocopid ostracod Entomis, however, became extinct. The late Ludfordian graptolite recovery gave origin to a novel fauna of Pridoli type from taxa that emerged or just reappeared above the Kozlowskii crisis. In Všeradice and elsewhere in the Prague Synform, the recovery, manifested by the appearance of Pseudomonoclimacis latilobus and Slovinograptus balticus, closely postdates the end of the isotope excursion but pre-dates the first appearance of the conodont index ‘Ozarkodina’ snajdri. Here the graptolite recovery was delayed relative to the recovery of the benthic fauna. A canalized intraformational limestone conglomerate corresponds with a gap in the sedimentary record above the Kozlowskii extinction and just below the graptolite recovery. The benthic faunas from the conglomerate matrix and pebbles permit correlation with the shallower part of the basin indicating a distinct fall in sea-level. The present data demonstrate the coincidence of the graptolite crisis with benthic faunal change and eustatic fall in sea-level manifested by facies change and the carbon isotope excursion. Polonograptus chlupaci sp. nov., from the Nc. kozlowskii Biozone, is described and several other graptolite taxa are redescribed.

Keywords

graptolitesconodontsSilurianbiostratigraphyKozlowskii Eventextinctionperi-Gondwana
Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 149 , Issue 3 , May 2012 , pp. 507 - 531
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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