II.—New Fossil Bird and Fish Remains from the Middle Eocene of Wyoming

Charles R. Eastman

doi:10.1017/S0016756800181701

Extract

The Green River Shales of Wyoming have long been noted for their numerous and beautifully preserved fossil fishes. Fragmentary traces of bird-remains have been met with in the same horizon from time to time since the year 1869, when the first fossil feather reported from North America was obtained by Dr. F. V. Hayden.

References

^{page 54 note 1} Amer. Journ. Sci. [3], vol. xi (1870), p. 272.Google Scholar

^{page 57 note 1} Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., vol. iv (1878), No. 2.Google Scholar

^{page 57 note 2} Amer. Journ. Sci. [3], vol. ii (1871), p. 126Google Scholar; ibid., vol. iv (1872), pp. 256–8; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1870, p. 11.

^{page 57 note 3} Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., vol. ix (1892), pp. 411–416.Google Scholar

^{page 57 note 4} “Tertiary Vertebrata,” bk. i, p. 53 (Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., vol. iii, 1884).Google Scholar

Crossref Citations

This article has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by Crossref.

Tordoff, Harrison B. and MacDonald, J. R. 1957. A New Bird (Family Cracidae) from the Early Oligocene of South Dakota. The Auk, Vol. 74, Issue. 2, p. 174.

Mayr, Gerald 2000. A new basal galliform bird from the Middle Eocene of Messel (Hessen, Germany). Senckenbergiana lethaea, Vol. 80, Issue. 1, p. 45.

DYKE, GARETH J. and GULAS, BONNIE E. 2002. The Fossil Galliform Bird Paraortygoides from the Lower Eocene of the United Kingdom. American Museum Novitates, Vol. 3360, Issue. , p. 1.

DYKE, GARETH J. and VAN TUINEN, MARCEL 2004. The evolutionary radiation of modern birds (Neornithes): reconciling molecules, morphology and the fossil record. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Vol. 141, Issue. 2, p. 153.

van Tuinen, Marcel and Dyke, Gareth J 2004. Calibration of galliform molecular clocks using multiple fossils and genetic partitions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Vol. 30, Issue. 1, p. 74.

Pereira, Sergio L. and Baker, Allan J. 2006. A molecular timescale for galliform birds accounting for uncertainty in time estimates and heterogeneity of rates of DNA substitutions across lineages and sites. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Vol. 38, Issue. 2, p. 499.

Ksepka, Daniel T. 2009. Broken gears in the avian molecular clock: new phylogenetic analyses support stem galliform status forGallinuloides wyomingensisand rallid affinities forAmitabha urbsinterdictensis. Cladistics, Vol. 25, Issue. 2, p. 173.

HWANG, SUNNY H. MAYR, GERALD and BOLORTSETSEG, MINJIN 2010. The earliest record of a galliform bird in Asia, from the late Paleocene–early Eocene of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Vol. 30, Issue. 5, p. 1642.

KSEPKA, DANIEL T. and CLARKE, JULIA A. 2010. New fossil mousebird (Aves: Coliiformes) with feather preservation provides insight into the ecological diversity of an Eocene North American avifauna. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Vol. 160, Issue. 4, p. 685.

Nesbitt, Sterling J. Ksepka, Daniel T. Clarke, Julia A. and Iwaniuk, Andrew 2011. Podargiform Affinities of the Enigmatic Fluvioviridavis platyrhamphus and the Early Diversification of Strisores (“Caprimulgiformes” + Apodiformes). PLoS ONE, Vol. 6, Issue. 11, p. e26350.

Jarvis, Erich D. Mirarab, Siavash Aberer, Andre J. Li, Bo Houde, Peter Li, Cai Ho, Simon Y. W. Faircloth, Brant C. Nabholz, Benoit Howard, Jason T. Suh, Alexander Weber, Claudia C. da Fonseca, Rute R. Li, Jianwen Zhang, Fang Li, Hui Zhou, Long Narula, Nitish Liu, Liang Ganapathy, Ganesh Boussau, Bastien Bayzid, Md. Shamsuzzoha Zavidovych, Volodymyr Subramanian, Sankar Gabaldón, Toni Capella-Gutiérrez, Salvador Huerta-Cepas, Jaime Rekepalli, Bhanu Munch, Kasper Schierup, Mikkel Lindow, Bent Warren, Wesley C. Ray, David Green, Richard E. Bruford, Michael W. Zhan, Xiangjiang Dixon, Andrew Li, Shengbin Li, Ning Huang, Yinhua Derryberry, Elizabeth P. Bertelsen, Mads Frost Sheldon, Frederick H. Brumfield, Robb T. Mello, Claudio V. Lovell, Peter V. Wirthlin, Morgan Schneider, Maria Paula Cruz Prosdocimi, Francisco Samaniego, José Alfredo Velazquez, Amhed Missael Vargas Alfaro-Núñez, Alonzo Campos, Paula F. Petersen, Bent Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Pas, An Bailey, Tom Scofield, Paul Bunce, Michael Lambert, David M. Zhou, Qi Perelman, Polina Driskell, Amy C. Shapiro, Beth Xiong, Zijun Zeng, Yongli Liu, Shiping Li, Zhenyu Liu, Binghang Wu, Kui Xiao, Jin Yinqi, Xiong Zheng, Qiuemei Zhang, Yong Yang, Huanming Wang, Jian Smeds, Linnea Rheindt, Frank E. Braun, Michael Fjeldsa, Jon Orlando, Ludovic Barker, F. Keith Jønsson, Knud Andreas Johnson, Warren Koepfli, Klaus-Peter O’Brien, Stephen Haussler, David Ryder, Oliver A. Rahbek, Carsten Willerslev, Eske Graves, Gary R. Glenn, Travis C. McCormack, John Burt, Dave Ellegren, Hans Alström, Per Edwards, Scott V. Stamatakis, Alexandros Mindell, David P. Cracraft, Joel Braun, Edward L. Warnow, Tandy Jun, Wang Gilbert, M. Thomas P. and Zhang, Guojie 2014. Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science, Vol. 346, Issue. 6215, p. 1320.

Gardner, Eleanor E. Walker, Sally E. and Gardner, Lytt I. 2016. Palaeoclimate, environmental factors, and bird body size: A multivariable analysis of avian fossil preservation. Earth-Science Reviews, Vol. 162, Issue. , p. 177.

Nesbitt, Sterling J. and Clarke, Julia A. 2016. The Anatomy and Taxonomy of the Exquisitely Preserved Green River Formation (Early Eocene) Lithornithids (Aves) and the Relationships of Lithornithidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. 406, Issue. , p. 1.

Mayr, Gerald 2022. Paleogene Fossil Birds. p. 43.

Ksepka, Daniel T. Early, Catherine M. Dzikiewicz, Kate and Balanoff, Amy M. 2023. Osteology and neuroanatomy of a phasianid (Aves: Galliformes) from the Miocene of Nebraska. Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 97, Issue. 1, p. 223.

Mayr, Gerald and Kitchener, Andrew C. 2023. The galliform birds from the Lower Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze (Essex, U.K.): New species suggest faunal connections to Asia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Vol. 43, Issue. 6,

McInerney, Phoebe L. Blokland, Jacob C. and Worthy, Trevor H. 2024. Skull morphology of the enigmatic Genyornis newtoni Stirling and Zeitz, 1896 (Aves, Dromornithidae), with implications for functional morphology, ecology, and evolution in the context of Galloanserae . Historical Biology, Vol. 36, Issue. 6, p. 1093.

Musser, Grace Clarke, Julia A. and Smith, Thierry 2024. A new Paleogene fossil and a new dataset for waterfowl (Aves: Anseriformes) clarify phylogeny, ecological evolution, and avian evolution at the K-Pg Boundary. PLOS ONE, Vol. 19, Issue. 7, p. e0278737.

Article contents

II.—New Fossil Bird and Fish Remains from the Middle Eocene of Wyoming

Extract

Access options

References

This article has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by Crossref.

Article contents

II.—New Fossil Bird and Fish Remains from the Middle Eocene of Wyoming

Extract

Access options

References

Save article to Kindle

Save article to Dropbox

Save article to Google Drive

Reply to: Submit a response

Your details

You have entered the maximum number of contributors

Conflicting interests