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II.—Quaternary Changes of Levels

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

Warren Upham
Warren Upham
Affiliation:
United States Geological Survey.
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Extract

The article by Prof. J. W. Spencer in the last May number of this Magazine brings together many evidences of high continental elevation of North America preceding the Pleistocene or Glacial period. Though Professor Spencer has not proceeded to interpret these observations as revealing in continental elevation the probable cause of the severely cold climate and accumulation of ice-sheets during the Glacial period, I believe that this is a legitimate conclusion, and that it strongly re-enforces the arguments long ago advanced by Lyell and Dana, and recently emphasized anew by Wallace.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 7 , Issue 11 , November 1890 , pp. 492 - 497
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1890

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References

page 492 note 1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxiv. 1878, pp. 886–901Google Scholar; Geology of Minnesota, Fifth Annual Report, for 1876; and Final Eeport, vol ii. 1888, pp. 313–341, with numerous plates and maps.

page 493 note 1 Transactions of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, vol. ii. Southall, James C.'s “Epoch of the Mammoth and the Apparition of Man upon the Earth,” 1878Google Scholar, chapters xxii. and xxiii.

page 493 note 2 Am. Journ. Sci.III. vol. xxi. pp. 120–3, 02. 1881; “The Ice Age in North America,” 1889, chapter xx. p. 466.Google Scholar

page 493 note 3 Nature, vol. xxxiv. p. 560Google Scholar; Proc. Am. Assoc. for Adv. of Science, vol. xxxv. for 1886, p. 222Google Scholar; “The History of the Niagara River,” Sixth Ann. Rep. of Commissioners of the State Reservation at Niagara, for 1889, pp. 61–84.Google Scholar

page 493 note 4 Am. Journ. Sci. III. vol. xxxiv. pp. 404–5, 11. 1887.Google Scholar

page 493 note 5 U.S. Geol. Survey, Second Annual Report, p. 188.

page 493 note 6 U.S. Geol. Survey, Monograph xi. “Geological History of Late Lahontan,” p. 273.

page 493 note 7 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxix. 1883, in Proceedings, pp. 67–69. Compare id. vol. xlii. 1886, pp. 527–539.Google Scholar

page 493 note 8 Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, vol. i. 1889, p. 306.Google Scholar

page 494 note 1 Id. p. 308.

page 494 note 2 Rep. of U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1884, pp. 435–8, with map and profile; also in Amer. Journ. Sci. III. vol. xxix. pp. 475–480, 06, 1885.Google Scholar Compare Bulletin Geol. Soc. Am. vol. i. 1889, pp. 563–7.Google Scholar

page 494 note 3 Dawson, J. W., “Note on the Post-Pliocene Geology of Canada,” 1872, p. 41Google Scholar.

page 495 note 1 Smithsonian, Contributions to Knowledge, vol. xv. pp. 163, 164.Google Scholar

page 495 note 2 Bulletin of the California Academy of Sciences, vol. ii. 1887, pp. 515–520.Google Scholar

page 495 note 3 Id. vol. ii pp. 265–8.

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page 496 note 1 Geol. Mag. Dec. III. Vol. VI. 1889, pp. 350–2Google Scholar.

page 496 note 2 For a more detailed review of these Postglacial oscillations, and of Quaternary movements of uplift and subsidence in other parts of the world, both in glaciated and unglaciated regions, see Prof. Wright's, G. F. “Ice Age in North America,” 1889, Appendix by Warren Upham, pp. 573–595Google Scholar.

page 496 note 3 Geol. Mag. Dec. II. Vol. X. 1883, pp. 427–8Google Scholar; Dec. III. Vol. IV. 1887, pp. 344–8; Vol. VI. 1889, p. 37. Geologyof Minnesota, vols. i. and ii. Bulletin 39, U.S. Geol. Survey. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey of Canada, Annual Report, vol. iv. for 1888–89, Part E.

page 497 note 1 Geology of New Hampshire, vol. iii. 1878, pp. 103–120.Google Scholar

page 497 note 2 Geikie, James, Q.J.G.S. vol. xxxiv. 1878Google Scholar, pl. xxxiii. “The Great Ice Age,” second edition, pp. 279–284, with plates ix.–xii.

page 497 note 3 Nature, vol. xxiii. p. 393, with map of submarine contour.Google Scholar

page 497 note 4 Geol. Mag. Dec. III. Vol. VI. 1889, pp. 157, 158Google Scholar; Nature, vol. xxxii. p. 555.Google Scholar

page 497 note 5 Nature, loc. cit.; and vol. xxxix. pp. 488–492.