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Iron and silica enrichments in the middle Albian neptunian dykes from the High-Tatric Unit, Central Western Carpathians: an indication of hydrothermal activity for an extensional tectonic regime

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2016

KRZYSZTOF BĄK ,
JOANNA KOWALCZYK ,
ANNA WOLSKA ,
MARTA BĄK  and
LUCYNA NATKANIEC-NOWAK
KRZYSZTOF BĄK*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Geography and Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, 30–084 Kraków, Poland
JOANNA KOWALCZYK
Affiliation:
Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30–059 Kraków, Poland
ANNA WOLSKA
Affiliation:
Faculty of Geography and Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, 30–084 Kraków, Poland
MARTA BĄK
Affiliation:
Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30–059 Kraków, Poland
LUCYNA NATKANIEC-NOWAK
Affiliation:
Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30–059 Kraków, Poland
*
†Author for correspondence: sgbak@cyf-kr.edu.pl
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Abstract

Studies dealing with the response of subaqueous volcanic and hydrothermal activities to carbonate sedimentation in hemipelagic environments affected by tectonic processes are comparatively rare. Here, a microfacies record with combined chemical data from the neptunian dykes found at an intrabasinal ridge (Tatric Ridge; Carpathian domain of the Western Tethys), close to a source of alkaline volcanism with possible hydrothermal vents (Zliechov Basin), is presented. The characteristic features of the neptunian dykes, up to 20 cm thick, in the middle Albian echinoderm-foraminiferal limestones (Tatra Mountains, Inner Carpathians) are their red fillings. Microprobe and x-ray diffraction analyses show that this reddish material, partly mixed with sparitic clasts coming from the host limestone, consists mainly of hematite crystals which are associated with low crystalline silica and quartz. The microfacies data suggest that the reddish infillings of the dykes is partly related to dissolution processes inside the fissures that could have taken place during the transport of FeCl3 fluids together with silica gel. The fluids could have been derived from hydrothermal vents occurring along the extensional faults in the neighbouring Zliechov Basin. Rare Earth element (REE) signatures of the reddish infill (i.e. low values of total REE content, chondrite- and Post-Archean Australian Shale-normalized REE + Y patterns with negative Ce anomaly) and a high Y/Ho ratio suggest authigenic removal of REEs from the water column. This suggests that the fissures were open to the sea bottom and were in contact with sea water during their filling.

Keywords

neptunian dykesiron and silica enrichmentshydrothermal and hydrogenic sourcesextensional regime of basin
Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 155 , Issue 1 , January 2018 , pp. 1 - 19
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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