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Lithospheric mantle, asthenosphere, slab and crustal contribution to petrogenesis of Eocene to Miocene volcanic rocks from the west Alborz Magmatic Assemblage, SE Ahar, Iran

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2020

Ahmad Ahmadvand ,
Mohammad Reza Ghorbani Open the ORCID record for Mohammad Reza Ghorbani [Opens in a new window] ,
Mir Ali Asghar Mokhtari ,
Yi Chen ,
William Amidon ,
Jose Francisco Santos Open the ORCID record for Jose Francisco Santos [Opens in a new window]  and
Mohammad Paydari
Ahmad Ahmadvand
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Reza Ghorbani*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Mir Ali Asghar Mokhtari
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Iran
Yi Chen
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 9825, Beijing100029, China
William Amidon
Affiliation:
Geology Department, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
Jose Francisco Santos
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, Geobiotec Research Unit, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
Mohammad Paydari
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
*
Author for correspondence: Mohammad Reza Ghorbani, Email: ghorbani@modares.ac.ir
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Abstract

Significant uncertainty remains regarding the exact timing and nature of subduction events during the closure of the Tethyan seas in what is now NW Iran. This study thus presents new geochemical compositions and U–Pb ages for a suite of volcanic rocks emplaced during Cenozoic volcanism in the west Alborz Magmatic Assemblage, which is commonly regarded as the back-arc of the Neotethyan magmatism in Central Iran. The subalkali basalts and andesites are dated to 57 ± 1.2 Ma, and are likely derived from a supra-subduction mantle wedge. Later, trachytic A-type rocks erupted from ∼42 to 25 Ma during an anorogenic (extensional) stage triggered by slab retreat and associated asthenospheric mantle influx. A-type melts were at least partly concurrent with lithospheric mantle magmatism implied by eruption of subalkali basalts–andesites around 26–24 Ma. Next, Amp-Bt trachybasaltic volcanism with high-Nb basaltic affinity at ∼19 Ma likely records slab deepening and slab partial melting, which reacted with the mantle wedge to produce the source material for the high-Nb basalts. Sr–Nd isotopic ratios for SE Ahar mafic as well as A-type rocks imply rather enriched mantle source(s). Some crustal contamination is implied by the presence of inherited zircons dominated by those derived from Neoproterozoic–Cambrian basement rocks and Carboniferous magmatism. Rhyolitic rocks with adakitic affinity probably mark the final volcanism in the study area. The adakitic rocks show crustal signatures such as high K and Th, probably formed as a consequence of higher temperature gradients, at crustal levels, imposed by both slab and mantle partial melts.

Keywords

west Alborz Magmatic Assemblagesubalkali basalts–andesiteshigh-Nb basaltsA-type rocksmantle
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 158 , Issue 3 , March 2021 , pp. 375 - 406
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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