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Middle Miocene climate transition in the Tibetan Plateau: identification and significance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 October 2021

Shijun Song Open the ORCID record for Shijun Song [Opens in a new window] ,
Lei Huang ,
Yongshu Zhang ,
Qi Zhang ,
Fei Zhou ,
Chiyang Liu ,
Yan Chen ,
Yingxiong Wu  and
Yiming Zhang
Shijun Song
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Xi’an, China/Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, China Institute of Oil and Gas Basin, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
Lei Huang*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Xi’an, China/Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, China Institute of Oil and Gas Basin, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
Yongshu Zhang
Affiliation:
Exploratory Development Institute, Qinghai Oilfield Company, CNPC, Dunhuang, Gansu73200, China
Qi Zhang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Xi’an, China/Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, China Institute of Oil and Gas Basin, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
Fei Zhou
Affiliation:
Exploratory Development Institute, Qinghai Oilfield Company, CNPC, Dunhuang, Gansu73200, China
Chiyang Liu
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Xi’an, China/Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, China Institute of Oil and Gas Basin, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
Yan Chen
Affiliation:
Exploratory Development Institute, Qinghai Oilfield Company, CNPC, Dunhuang, Gansu73200, China
Yingxiong Wu
Affiliation:
Exploratory Development Institute, Qinghai Oilfield Company, CNPC, Dunhuang, Gansu73200, China
Yiming Zhang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Xi’an, China/Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710069, China Institute of Oil and Gas Basin, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
*
Author for correspondence: Lei Huang, Email: huanglei@nwu.edu.cn
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Abstract

The Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum is known for abrupt events during the global cooling trend of the past 20 Ma. Its identification in the Tibetan Plateau can help explain the cause of the critical Middle Miocene climate transition in Central Asia. In this study, fine-grained mixed sediments widely distributed in the Miocene Qaidam Lake in the northern Tibetan Plateau were used as a sensitive indicator for palaeoclimate. Their geochemical characteristics were investigated, together with an analysis of 2600 m long successive gamma-ray logging data from the whole JS2 drillcore, to understand the mid-Miocene climate transition in the Tibetan Plateau. By comparing the gamma-ray curve of the mixed sediments with global temperature, the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum event can be easily identified. Further, the detailed petrological features and geochemical data of lacustrine fine-grained mixed sediments from a 400 m drillcore show oxidizing, high-sedimentation rate and brackish-saline water conditions in a semi-arid climate during the Middle Miocene period, demonstrating a dryer climate in the Qaidam Basin than in the monsoon-sensitive regions in Central Asia. These fine-grained mixed sediments have recorded climate drying before 15.3 Ma that represents a climatic transition within the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum; increasing carbonate-rich mixed sediments, decreasing algal limestone layers and decreasing lacustrine organic matter are indicators of this transition. Regional tectonic events include the retreat of the Paratethys from Central Asia at ∼15 Ma and the synchronous tectonic reorganization of the Altyn-Tagh fault system and the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. We find that global climate change is the primary factor affecting the overall characteristics and changes of the Neogene climate in the Qaidam Basin, including the occurrence of the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum and the cooling and drying tendency, while the regional events are a secondary factor.

Keywords

fine-grained mixed sedimentsMiddle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO)Yiliping DepressionQaidam Basin
Type
Review Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 159 , Issue 1 , January 2022 , pp. 153 - 172
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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