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The Nazca Drift System – palaeoceanographic significance of a giant sleeping on the SE Pacific Ocean floor

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 November 2021

Gérôme Calvès Open the ORCID record for Gérôme Calvès [Opens in a new window] ,
Alan Mix Open the ORCID record for Alan Mix [Opens in a new window] ,
Liviu Giosan Open the ORCID record for Liviu Giosan [Opens in a new window] ,
Peter D. Clift Open the ORCID record for Peter D. Clift [Opens in a new window] ,
Stéphane Brusset Open the ORCID record for Stéphane Brusset [Opens in a new window] ,
Patrice Baby Open the ORCID record for Patrice Baby [Opens in a new window]  and
Mayssa Vega Open the ORCID record for Mayssa Vega [Opens in a new window]
Gérôme Calvès*
Affiliation:
Université Toulouse III, GET-OMP, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France
Alan Mix
Affiliation:
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR97331, USA
Liviu Giosan
Affiliation:
Geology & Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA02543, USA
Peter D. Clift
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geophysics, E235 Howe-Russell, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana70803, USA
Stéphane Brusset
Affiliation:
Université Toulouse III, GET-OMP, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France
Patrice Baby
Affiliation:
IRD, GET-OMP, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France
Mayssa Vega
Affiliation:
Universidad San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. De la Cultura 773, 08000 Cusco. Peru
*
Author for correspondence: Gérôme Calvès, Email: gerome.calves@univ-tlse3.fr
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Abstract

The evolution and resulting morphology of a contourite drift system in the SE Pacific oceanic basin is investigated in detail using seismic imaging and an age-calibrated borehole section. The Nazca Drift System covers an area of 204 500 km2 and stands above the abyssal basins of Peru and Chile. The drift is spread along the Nazca Ridge in water depths between 2090 and 5330 m. The Nazca Drift System was drilled at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1237. This deep-water drift overlies faulted oceanic crust and onlaps associated volcanic highs. Its thickness ranges from 104 to 375 m. The seismic sheet facies observed are associated with bottom current processes. The main lithologies are pelagic carbonates reflecting the distal position relative to South America and water depth above the carbonate compensation depth during Oligocene time. The Nazca Drift System developed under the influence of bottom currents sourced from the Circumpolar Deep Water and Pacific Central Water, and is the largest yet identified abyssal drift system of the Pacific Ocean, ranking third in all abyssal contourite drift systems globally. Subduction since late Miocene time and the excess of sediments and water associated with the Nazca Drift System may have contributed to the Andean orogeny and associated metallogenesis. The Nazca Drift System records the evolution in interactions between deep-sea currents and the eastward motion of the Nazca Plate through erosive surfaces and sediment remobilization.

Keywords

Nazca RidgeNazca Drift SystemContourite driftOligoceneSE Pacific Oceanpalaeoceanography
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 159 , Issue 3 , March 2022 , pp. 322 - 336
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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