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A new stemmed echinoderm from the Furongian of China and the origin of Glyptocystitida (Blastozoa, Echinodermata)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2016

SAMUEL ZAMORA ,
COLIN D. SUMRALL ,
XUE-JIAN ZHU  and
BERTRAND LEFEBVRE
SAMUEL ZAMORA*
Affiliation:
Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, C/Manuel Lasala, 44, 9ºB, 50006, Zaragoza, Spain Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, 20013–7012, USA
COLIN D. SUMRALL
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
XUE-JIAN ZHU
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory on Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
BERTRAND LEFEBVRE
Affiliation:
UMR CNRS 5276, Géode, Université Lyon 1, 2 rue Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
*
†Author for correspondence: samuel@unizar.es
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Abstract

The Furongian (late Cambrian) is an extremely poorly sampled time in the history of echinoderms, with only few localities yielding complete specimens. Here, we document an exquisitely preserved stemmed echinoderm from the Furongian Sandu Formation in South China that provides important new data illuminating the origin of Glyptocystitida, a common Palaeozoic clade of echinoderms. Sanducystis sinensis n. gen. n. sp. displays an organized theca bearing three circlets of plates (basal, infralateral and lateral), a laterally positioned periproct in the CD interray, a lack of respiratory pectinirhombs and a stem divided in two parts, with expanded inner and outer columnals proximally and narrow, elongate, homeomorphic columnals distally. A phylogenetic analysis places Sanducystis more derived than the columnal-bearing ‘eocrinoid’ Ridersia and sister group of a clade encompassing Macrocystella-like glyptocystitoid rhombiferans from the Furongian onwards. By filling in an important morphological gap, Sanducystis provides a clear understanding of character evolution within Glyptocystitida.

Keywords

CambrianGlyptocystitidaChinaeocrinoidsevolution
Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 154 , Issue 3 , May 2017 , pp. 465 - 475
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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