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Notes on the Family Encrinuridae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

F. R. Cowper Reed
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Extract

It has generally been held that the family Encrinuridae contains the four genera Encrinurus, Cybele, Cromus, and Dindymene, though Cromus is sometimes regarded as only a sub-genus of Encrinurus. The distinctive features of Encrinurus and Cybele as usually understood have been described and discussed by many authors, especially Salter, Nieszkowski, and Schmidt, but in 1877, Woodward considered Cybele to be only a sub-genus of Encrinurus. Dindymene is sufficiently distinct from the others to have had generic rank always accorded to it.

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Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 65 , Issue 2 , February 1928 , pp. 51 - 77
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1928

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References

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page 53 note 5 Ibid., p. 122, pl. xiii, fig. 7.

page 54 note 1 Barrande, , Syst. Silur. Boheme, i, 1852, pp. 821–9.Google Scholar

page 54 note 2 Ibid., p. 824, pl. xliii, figs. 1–5.

page 54 note 3 Ibid., p. 826, pl. xliii, figs. 6–14; ibid., Suppl., p. 120, pl. ix, figs. 24–6.

page 54 note 4 Ibid., p. 828, pl. xliii, figs. 15–17; ibid., Suppl., p. 120, pl. ix, figs. 27–31.

page 54 note 5 Ibid., p. 828, pl. xliii, figs. 18, 19.

page 54 note 6 Raymond, in Eastman-Zittel's Textbook of Palaeontology, 2nd ed., 1913, vol. i., p. 723.Google Scholar

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page 55 note 2 Foerste, , Bull. Sc. Lab. Denison Univ., vol. iii, 1888, p. 124, pl. xiii, figs. 2, 3, 20; Etheridge and Mitchell, op. cit., p. 657, pl. liv, figs. 1–5, pl. lv, figs. 1–3, 15, pl. lvi, fig. 10, pl. lviii, fig. 9.Google Scholar

page 55 note 3 Novak, , “Studien an Hypost. iv”: Sitz. böhm. Gesell. Wiss., 1879, pp. 475–83;Google Scholar ibid., 1886, p. 429, pl. i, figs. 1–8.

page 55 note 4 Frech, , Zeitschr. deut. geol. Gesell., xxxix, 1887, p. 735, t. xxix, figs. 5–9.Google Scholar

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page 55 note 8 Reed, , “Ordov. and Silur. Foss. Centr. Himalayas”: Palaeont. lnd., ser. xv, vol. vii, Mem. 2, 1912, p. 142, pl. xx, fig. 14.Google Scholar

page 56 note 1 Wigand, , Zeitschr. deut. geol. Gesell., xl, 1888, p. 92, t. x, fig. 25.Google Scholar

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page 56 note 3 Ibid., p. 259, pl., xxiv, figs. 12, 13.

page 56 note 4 Mitchell, , Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, vol. xlix, pt. ii, 1924, pp. 46–53.Google Scholar

page 56 note 5 Ibid., p. 49, pl. x, fig. 3.

page 56 note 6 Fletcher, , Q.J.G.S., vol. vi, 1850, pl. 403, p1. xxxii, figs. 1–5.Google Scholar

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page 57 note 1 Warburg, , Bull. Geol. Instil. Upsala, xvii, 1925, p. 334, pi. xi, figs. 30–3.Google Scholar

page 57 note 2 Portlock, , Geol. Kept. Londonderry, p. 262, pi. iii, figs. 6, 11.Google Scholar

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page 57 note 4 Schmidt, , op. cit., p. 227, t. xiv, figs. 14, 15, t. xv, figs. 19, 20.Google Scholar

page 57 note 5 Reed, , Q.J.G.S., Ixv, 1899, p. 753, pi. xlix, figs. 9–12.Google Scholar

page 57 note 6 Clarke, , Final Rept. Geol. Nat. Hist., Minnesota, vol. iii, 1894, p. 739, text-figs. 56–7.Google Scholar

page 57 note 7 Ibid., p. 741, text-fig. 58.

page 57 note 8 Schmidt, , op. cit., p. 229, t. xiv, figs. 16–26, t. xv, figs. 21–3.Google Scholar

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page 57 note 11 Fletcher, , op. cit., p. 404, pi. xxxii, figs. 6–10.Google Scholar

page 57 note 12 In a new species, E. rex Grabau, which has recently been figured from the Silurian of China (Grabau, “Stratigraphy of China, pt. i, 1923–4”: Geol. Sun. China, p. 438, fig. 297), and put in a new sub-genus Coronocephalus, the lobation of the glabella is particularly well developed and demonstrates that the lateral tubercles correspond to true lateral lobes.

page 58 note 1 Henriksen, , Medd. fra Dansk. geol. Foren., Bd. 7, 1926, pp. 22, 23, figs. 20b, 21.Google Scholar

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page 59 note 1 Richter, , Centralb. f. Miner., etc., Jahrg., 1925, Abt. B, No. 4, p. 115, text-fig. 6.Google Scholar

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page 59 note 5 Foerste, , Bull. Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., vol. xix, 1919, p. 79, pl. xviii, figs. 9a–b.Google Scholar

page 60 note 1 Reed, , “Lower Palaeoz. Trilob. Girvan”: Palaeont. Soc., 1906, pt. iii, p. 121, (pars) pl. xvi, fig. 8.Google Scholar

page 60 note 2 Ibid., Q.J.G.S., lxvi, 1910, p. 277, pl. xxii, figs. 4a, 4b.

page 60 note 3 Schmidt, op. cit., 1881, p. 227, t. xiv, figs. 14, 15, t. xv, figs. 19, 20.

page 60 note 4 Wiman, , Bull. Geol. Instit. Upsala, vol. viii, 1907, p. 132, pl. viii, fig. 34.Google Scholar

page 60 note 5 Tornquist, op. cit., 1884, p. 24, t. i, figs. 18–19.

page 61 note 1 Warburg, , op. cit., 1925, p. 334, pl. xi, figs. 30–3.Google Scholar

page 61 note 2 Twenhofel, , Mus. Bull. No.3 (Geol. Surv,. Canada), 1914, pp. 6, 10.Google Scholar

page 61 note 3 Raymond, , Mus. Bull. No. 31 (Geol. Surv. Canada), 1921, p. 33, pl. xi, fig.2.Google Scholar

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page 61 note 6 Schmidt, op. cit., 1881, p. 224.

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page 61 note 8 Wigand, op. cit. p. 92, t. x, fig. 25.

page 61 note 9 Raymond, , Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. lx, No. 1, 1916, pp. 25, 26, pl. iii, figs. 7, 8.Google Scholar

page 62 note 1 Weller, , Bull. No. iv, pt. ii, Nat. Hist. Surv. (Chicago Acad. Sc.), 1907, p. 257, pl. xxiv, figs. 8–11.Google Scholar

page 62 note 2 Weller, op. cit., p. 259, pl. xxiv, figs. 12, 13.

page 62 note 3 Raymond, , Mus. Bull. 31 (Geol., Surv. Canada, 1921), Geol. Ser., No. 38, p. 33, pl. xi, fig. 2.Google Scholar

page 62 note 4 Foerste, , Bull. Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., vol. xix, 1919, p. 79, pl. xviii, figs. 9a–b.Google Scholar

page 62 note 5 Mitchell, op. cit., 1924, pp. 46–54.

page 63 note 1 Raymond, , Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. lxvii, No. 1, 1925, p. 132, pl. viii, fig. 14.Google Scholar

page 63 note 2 Warburg, , Bull. Geol. Instit. Upsala, vol. xvii, 1925, p. 334.Google Scholar

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page 63 note 5 Reed, , Geol. Mag., Dec. V, Vol. I, 1904, p. 387, Pl. XII, Fig. 5.Google Scholar

page 63 note 6 Reed, , “Lower Palaeoz. Trilob. Girvan”: Palaeont. Soc., 1906, pt. iii, p. 122, pl. xvi, figs. 9–11a;Google Scholar ibid., Suppl., 1914, p. 39, pl. vii, Figs. 1–3.

page 63 note 7 Warburg, op. cit., p. 334. pl. xi, figs. 30–3.

page 63 note 8 Tornquist, , Siljans. Trilobitf., 1884, p. 23, t. i, figs. 15–26, t. xv, figs. 21–3.Google Scholar

page 63 note 9 Schmidt, , op. cit., p. 229, t. xiv, figs. 16–26, t. xv, figs. 21–3.Google Scholar

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page 64 note 1 Reed, , Geol. Mag., Dec. IV, Vol. VIII, 1901, p. 107, P1. VII, Fig. 3.Google Scholar

page 64 note 2 Reed, , Lower Palaeoz. Trilob. Girvan, Suppl. 1914, p. 39, pl. vi, figs. 11, 12.Google Scholar

page 64 note 3 Reed, , Q.J.G.S., lxv, 1899, p. 753, pl. xlix, figs. 9–12.Google Scholar

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page 64 note 5 Fletcher, , Q.J.G.S., vol. vi, 1850, p. 404, pl. xxxii, figs. 6–10;Google Scholar

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page 64 note 6 Nicholson, and Etheridge, , Mon. Silur. Foss. Girvan, fasc. i, 1879, p. 109, pl. viii, fig. 2;Google Scholar

Reed, , Lower Palaeoz. Trilob. Girvan, pt. iii, 1906, p. 120 (non pl. xvi, fig. 8).Google Scholar

page 64 note 7 Mitchell, op. cit., 1924, pp. 47–50, pl. x, figs. 1–6.

page 64 note 8 Etheridge and Mitchell, op. cit., 1915, p. 570, pl. lvi, figs. 11, 13. These authors suggest that this species belongs to a new genus, and Vogdes (Palaeoz. Crustacea, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. iii,. No. 1, 1917, p. 30) proposed for it the name Mitchellia.

page 64 note 9 Raymond, , Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. lx, No. 1, 1916, p. 26.Google Scholar

page 65 note 1 Kindle, , 28th Ann. Rept. Indiana Geol. Surv., 1903, (1904), p. 482, pl. xxiv, figs. 14, 15.Google Scholar

page 65 note 2 The typical punctatus, E. of Europe does not seem to occur in America in spite of Van Ingen's statement (School of Mines Quarterly, vol. xxiii, 1901, No. 1, p. 66) and Twenhofel's more recent record of it (Mus. Bull. No. 3, Geol. Surv. Canada, Geol. Ser., No. 19, 1914, pp. 14, 16).Google Scholar

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page 65 note 4 Lindström, , Ofv. K. vet. Akad. Forhandl., 1885, No. 6, p. 52, t. xiii, fig. 7.Google Scholar

page 65 note 5 Swartz, and Prouty, , Geol. Surv. Maryland, Silurian, 1923, p. 705, pl. xxxiii, figs. 9, 10, and references.Google Scholar

page 65 note 6 Foerste, , Bull. Sc. Lab. Denison Univ., vol. xix, 1919, p. 79, pl. xviii, figs. 9a–b.Google Scholar

page 65 note 7 Raymond, , Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. lx, 1916, No. 1, p. 25, pl. iii, figs. 7, 8.Google Scholar

page 65 note 8 Foerste, , Ohio Journ. Sc., vol. xix, No. 7, 1919, p. 391, pl. xviii, figs. 2a–c.Google Scholar

page 65 note 9 Etheridge and Mitchell, op. cit., 1915, p. 665, pl. lv, figs. 4, 9, pl. lvi, figs. 4, 5, 6, 14, pl. lvii, figs. 3, 10; Mitchell, op. cit., 1924, p. 52, pl. x, fig. 13.

page 65 note 10 Foerste, , Bull. Sc. Lab. Denison Univ., iii, pt. ii, 1888, p. 124, pl. xiii, figs. 2, 3, 20; Mitchell, op. cit., 1924, p. 52, pl. x, figs. 12, 14, and references.Google Scholar

page 67 note 1 Reed, , Q.J.G.S., lxv, 1909, p. 146, pl. vi, figs. 6, 7.Google Scholar

page 68 note 1 Raymond, , Bull. Mus. Camp. Zool. Harvard, vol. lxiv, No. 2, 1920, p. 295.Google Scholar

page 68 note 2 Billings, , Pal. Foss. Canada, 1865, i, p. 321, figs. 307a–b.Google Scholar

page 68 note 3 Raymond, , Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. lxvii, No. l, 1925, pp. 135–8.Google Scholar

page 68 note 4 Reed, , Q.J.G.S., vol. lxvi, 1910, p. 277, pl. xxii, figs. 4a–b.Google Scholar

page 68 note 5 Ibid., p. 276, pl. xxii, figs. 5, 6.

page 69 note 1 Reed, , “Suppl. Ordov. Silur. Foss. N. Shan States”: Palaeont. Ind., N.S., vol. vi, No. 1, 1915, p. 50, pl. viii, figs. 15–21.Google Scholar

page 69 note 2 Ibid., “Lower Palaeoz. Foss. N. Shun States”: Palaeont. Ind., N.S., vol. ii, Mem. No. 3, 1906, p. 74, pl. v, figs. 19–25.

page 69 note 3 Ibid., “Ordov. Silur. Foss. Yunnan”: Palaeont. Ind., N.S., vol. vi, Mem. No. 3, 1917, p. 55, pl. viii, figs. 15, 16.

page 69 note 4 Raymond, , Amer. Journ. Sc., vol. xix, 1905, p. 377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 69 note 5 Raymond, , Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. vii, No. 1, 1910, p. 75, figs. 3–8, pl. xviii, fig. 14;Google Scholar ibid., 7th Rept. Vermont. State Geol., 1910, p. 238, p1. xxxvi, figs. 10–13; ibid., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. lxvii, No. 1, 1925, p. 152.

page 70 note 1 Schmidt, , “Rev. Ostbalt. Silur. Trilob. Abt. 1 ”: Mem. Aced. Imper. Sc. Bt. Petersb. ser. VII, vol. xxx, No. 1, 1881, pp. 197–222;Google Scholar ibid., Abt. vi, op. cit., N.S., vol. xx, No. 8, 1907, pp. 17–21.

page 70 note 2 Schmidt in 1907 transferred the Russian form which he had identified as C. bellatula into a new species C. panderi.

page 70 note 3 Henriksen, , Medd. fra Dansk. geol. Foren. Kobenhavn, Bd. 7, 1926, pp. 22, 23, fig. 20b.Google Scholar

page 71 note 1 Schmidt, op. cit., 1881, p. 214, t. xiii, figs. 14–17.

page 71 note 2 Schmidt, op. cit., 1881, p. 209, t. xiii, figs. 21–3; t. xiv, figs. 3, 4; t. xv, figs. 8, 9.

Krause, , “Geol. Alter der Backsteinkalk”: Abhandl. k. geol. Landesanst., Bd. xv. 1894, p. 134, t. v, fig. 6.Google Scholar

page 71 note 3 Schmidt, op. cit., p. 207, t. xiii, fig. 20; t. xiv, fig. 6; t. xv, figs. 6, 7; t. xvi, fig. 40.

page 71 note 4 Ibid., p. 211, t. xiv, figs. 1, 2, text-fig. 11.

Wigand, , Zeitschr. deut. geol. Gesell., xl, 1888, p. 89, t. x, fig. 17.Google Scholar

page 71 note 5 Loven, , Ofv. k. sevensk. vet. Akad. Forhandl., 1845, No. 3, p. 52, pl. i, figs. 5a–c.Google Scholar

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page 72 note 1 Tornquist, , “Undersokn. Siljans. Trilobitf.”: Sver. Geol. Undersokn., ser. c, No. 66, 1884, p. 25, t. i, figs. 20, 21.Google Scholar

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page 72 note 2 Linnarsson, , Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., viii, No. 2, 1869, p. 62, t. i, figs. 11–13.Google Scholar

page 72 note 3 Ibid., p. 63, t. i, fig. 14.

page 72 note 4 Raymond, , Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. iii, 1905, p. 362, pi. xiv, figs. 6, 7;Google Scholar ibid., p. 362, pi. xiv, fig. 9 (C. vakourensis); ibid., vol. vii, 1910, p. 75, pi. xix, fig. 19; ibid., 7th Rept. Vermont State Geol., 1910, p. 237, pi. xxxvi, figs. 7–9.

page 72 note 5 Reed, , “Lower Palaeoz. Trilob. Girvan”: Palaeont. Soc, pt. iii, 1906, p. 124, pi. xvi, figs. 14–17.Google Scholar

page 72 note 6 Schmidt, , op. cit., p. 203, t. xiii, figs. 9–13, t. xv, figs. 1–5.Google Scholar

page 72 note 7 Schmidt, , op. eit., Suppl. 1907, p. 19.Google Scholar

page 72 note 8 Reed, , op. cit., Suppl. 1914, p. 41, pi. vii, fig. 6.Google Scholar

page 73 note 1 Ibid., pt. iii, 1906, p. 130, pi. xvii, fig. 5.

page 73 note 2 Schmidt, , op. cit., Suppl. 1907, p. 17, t. i, figs. 13–15.Google Scholar

page 73 note 3 Salter, , Mem. Geol. Sun., vol. ii, pt. i, 1848, p. 343, pi. viii, fig. 9 (non 10);Google Scholar ibid., vol. iii, 1886, p. 324, pi. xix, fig. 7.

page 73 note 4 McCoy, , Syn. Palaeoz. Foss. Woodw. Mus., fasc. i, 1851, p. 156, pi. iG, figs. 1–5.Google Scholar

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page 73 note 11 Portlock, , Geol. Rep. Londond., p. 302, pi. v, fig. 10.Google Scholar

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page 74 note 2 Schmidt, op. cit., 1881, P. 219, t. xi, fig. 23, t. xiv, figs. 7–10; t. xv, figs. 15–17.

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page 75 note 5 Ibid., p. 64, pl. xvi, figs. 1–4. Raymond, op. cit., 1925, p. 133, pl. ix, fig.8.

page 75 note 6 Narraway, and Raymond, , Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. iii, No. 4, 1906, p. 597, text-fig. 1.Google Scholar

page 75 note 7 Raymond, , 7th Rept. Vermont State Geol., 1910, p. 237, pl. xxxvi, figs. 7–9. and references.Google Scholar

page 75 note 8 Clarke, , Lower Silur. Trilob. Minnesota, 1894, p. 742, text-fig. 59.Google Scholar

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page 76 note 2 Schmidt, op. cit., p. 217.

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page 77 note 5 Wiman, , Bull. Geol. Instit. Upsala, vol. viii, 1907, p. 150.Google Scholar

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page 77 note 7 Etheridge, and Nicholson, , Mon. Silur. Foss. Girvan, fasc. 1, 1878, p. 115, pl. viii, fig. 8, and p. 116, figs. 5a, b.Google Scholar

Reed, , “Lower Palaeoz. Foss. Girvan” Palaeont. Soc., 1906, Pt. iii, p. 132, p1. xvii, figs. 9–11.Google Scholar Ibid., Suppl. 1914, p. 44, pl. vii, figs. 8, 9.