Article contents
On the Age of the Upper and Middle Deinosaur-Deposits at Tendaguru, Tanganyika Territory
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 May 2009
Extract
In a paper dealing principally with the question of the age and relationships of some Lower Cretaceous bivalve-shells found at Malone, in Texas, I discussed briefly the distribution of those sublittoral Neocomian deposits that are well characterized by the presence of certain Trigoniae of southern facies. It was shown that traces of this Neocomian fauna, revealing a general community chiefly by the widespread occurrence of these peculiar groups of Trigonia, unknown in the European area, had been found in different latitudes, both in the eastern and western hemispheres, indicating that there had been northward dispersal along the area of the present American continent from Patagonia to Texas, and in the eastern hemisphere from South Africa to the north-west Himalayan border. Some evidence of the same faunal facies had also been found in New Caledonia. I pointed out that the faunas of these southern Lower Cretaceous Trigonia beds of different regions had been misinterpreted again and again, and that their representatives found in Texas, in South Africa, and in Cutch had been thought by some investigators to be of Jurassic age.
- Type
- Original Articles
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1929
References
page 193 note 1 Kitchin, F. L., “The So-called Malone Jurassic Formation in Texas,” Geol. Mag., 1926, pp. 454–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
page 194 note 1 Op. cit., p. 468.
page 194 note 2 Lange, E., “Die Brachiopoden, Lamellibranchiaten und Anneliden der Trigonia Schwarzi-Schicht, nebst vergleichender Übersicht der Trigonien der gesamten Tendaguruschichten.” In “Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Tendaguru-Expedition, 1909” Archiv für Biontologie, Band iii, Heft 4, p. 283, Berlin, 1914.Google Scholar
page 194 note 3 The age of the marine beds of the Uitenhage Series has been determined by means of the ammonites found in them. Kitchin, F. L., “The Invertebrate Fauna and Palaeontological Relations of the Uitenhage Series,” Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. vii, part ii, 1908, pp. 25–39.Google Scholar Spath, L. F., “On the Ammonites of the Speeton Clay and the subdivisions of the Neocomian,” Geol. Mao., 1924, p. 86.Google Scholar
page 195 note 1 There are several forms in the Trigonia smeei group, exhibiting similar evolutionary degeneration, and these are not to be swept together into the one species T. smeei, as thought by Lange. Their relations will be discussed below.
page 195 note 2 Spath, L. F., “Ammonites and Aptychi,” in Gregory, J. W. (and others), “The Collection of Fossils and Rocks from Somaliland made by Messrs. B. N. K. Wyllie B.Sc., F.G.S., and W. R. Smellie D.Sc., F.R.S.Ed., ” part vii, Mon. Geol. Dept. Hunterian Museum, Glasgow University, i, Glasgow, 1925, p. 159.Google Scholar
page 196 note 1 Dietrich, W. O., “Das Alter der Trigonienschichten am Tendaguru,” Cenralbl. für Min., etc., 1927, P. 59.Google Scholar E. Hennig, “Die Altersfragen der Tendaguru-Schichten im südlichen Deutsch-Ostafrika,” ibid., p. 64.
page 196 note 2 Migeod, F. W. H., “The Dinosaurs of Tendaguru,” Nature, 26th 02, 1927, p. 320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
page 196 note 3 op. cit., p. 63.
page 196 note 4 Hennig, E., op. cit., p. 68.Google Scholar
page 197 note 1 Branca, W., “Kurzer Bericht über die von Dr. Reck erzielten Ergebnisse im vierten Grabungsjahre, 1912,” Archiv für Biontologie, Band iii, Heft 1, 1914, p. 62.Google Scholar
page 197 note 2 Parkinson, J., “The Dinosaurs of Tendaguru,” Natural History Magazine, vol. i, No. 8, 10, 1928, p. 275.Google Scholar
page 197 note 3 “Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Tendaguru-Expedition, 1909–1912,” Teil I, Archiv für Biontologie, Band iii, Heft 1, Berlin, 1914.Google Scholar Contains papers by W. Branca and W. Janensch of a general character, and two on the deinosaurs. Teil ii, ibid., Band iii, Heft 3, 1914, comprising Hennig, E., “Beiträge zur Geologie und Stratigraphie Deutsch-Ostafrikas,” p. 1 (first issued separately in 1913);Google Scholar von Staff, H., “Beiträge zur Geomorphogenie und Tektonik Deutsch-Ostafrikas,” p. 73;Google Scholar Janensch, W., “Die Gliederung der Tendaguru-Schichten im Tendagurugebiet und die Entstehung der Saurierlagerstätten,” p. 225;Google Scholar Janensch, W., “Über Torfmoore im Küstengebiete des südlichen Deutsch-Ostafrika,” p. 263.Google Scholar Tell iii, ibid., Band iii, Heft 4, 1914, comprising Janensch, W. and Hennig, E., “Tabellarische Übersicht der Fundorte wirbelloser Fossilien im Arbeitsgebiete der Tendaguru-Expedition,” P. 1;Google Scholar Zwierzycki, J., “Die Cephalopodenfauna der Tendaguruschichten in Deutsch-Ostafrika,” p. 7 (first issued separately in 1913);Google Scholar Dietrich, W. O., “Die Gastropoden der Tendaguruschichten, der Aptstufe und der Oberkreide im südlichen Deutsch. Ostafrika,” p. 97;Google Scholar Hennig, E., “Die Invertebraten-Fauna der Saurierschichten am Tendaguru,” p. 155;Google Scholar Lange, E., “Die Brachiopoden, Lamellibranchiaten und Anneliden der Trigonia Schwarzi-Schicht, nebst vergleichender Übersicht der Trigonien der gesamten Tendaguruschichten,” p. 187;Google Scholar Hennig, E., “Die Fischreste unter den Funden der Tendaguru-Expedition,” p. 291.Google Scholar Since the war, the issue of the further detailed results of the Expedition's work has been resumed; Palaeontographica, Supplement vii, is entirely devoted to these important papers, the publication of which is still in progress.
page 199 note 1 Schuchert, C., “Age of the American Morrison and East African Tendaguru Formations,” Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. xxix, 1918, p. 245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
page 200 note 1 Spath, L. F., “Revision of the Jurassic Cephalopod Fauna of Kachh: Part II,” Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, vol. ix, Mem. No. 2, 1928, p. 159.Google Scholar
page 201 note 1 Archiv für Biontologie, Band iii, Heft 3, 1914, pp. 3, 15 (first issued separately in 1913).Google Scholar
page 201 note 2 Centralbl. für Min., etc., 1927, p. 65.Google Scholar
page 202 note 1 Archiv für Biontologie, Band iii, Heft 4, 1914, p. 191.Google Scholar
page 202 note 2 Dietrich, W. O., “Steincorallen des Maims und der Unterkreide im südlichen Deutsch-Ostafrika,” Palaeontographica, Suppl. vii, Reihe ii, Tell 1, Lief. 2, 1926, p. 51.Google Scholar Also, “Über eine dem mittleren Sauriermergel am Tendaguru äquivalente, rein marine Kimmeridgebildung in Mahokondo, Deutsch-Ostafrika,” ibid., Reihe ii, Tell 1, Lief. 1, 1925, p. 22.
page 202 note 3 Centralbl für Mm., etc., 1927, p. 63.Google Scholar
page 203 note 1 Blanford, W. T., “Note on the geological age of certain groups comprised in the Gondwana Series of India,” Records Geol. Surv. Ind., vol. ix, part iii, 1876, p. 81.Google Scholar “Palaeontological Relations of the Gondwana System,” ibid., vol. xi, part 1, 1878, p. 119. A Manual of the Geology of India, 1st ed., part i, 1879, p. 259.Google Scholar
page 203 note 2 Lange, E., op. cit., 1914, pp. 283, 284.Google Scholar
page 203 note 3 Hennig, E., “Die Invertebraten-Fauna der Saurierschichten am Tendaguru,” Archiv für Biontologie, Band iii, Heft 4, 1914, p. 155.Google Scholar
page 204 note 1 Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. xxix, 1918, p. 245.Google Scholar
page 204 note 2 Simpson, G. G., “The Age of the Morrison Formation,” Amer. Journ. Sci., Ser. v, vol. xii, 1926, p. 198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
page 204 note 3 Centralbl für Min., etc., 1927, p. 63, footnote.Google Scholar
page 206 note 1 op. cit., p. 280.
page 206 note 2 A possibly related form occurring in South America has been discussed by Lange, E., “Trigonia Smeei Sowerby und ihre horizontale Verbreitung,” Centralbl. für Min., etc., 1917, p. 492.Google Scholar
page 207 note 1 Sykes, W. H., “A Notice respecting some Fossils collected in Cutch by Capt. W. Smee, of the Bombay Army” (fossils described by J. de C. Sowerby), Trans. Geol. Soc. Loud., Ser. II, vol. v, 1840, p. 715, pl. lxi, fig. 5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar Kitchin, F. L., “The Jurassic Fauna of Cutch. The Lamellibranchiata, Genus Trigonia.” Palaeontologia Indica, Ser. IX, vol.iii, 1903, pp. 40–4.Google Scholar
page 207 note 2 Kitchin, F. L., op. cit., p. 44.Google Scholar
page 208 note 1 In Sykes, W. H., op. cit., p. 718, p1. lxi, fig. 1 (described in Explanation of plate).Google Scholar
page 209 note 1 Lange, E., “Die Brachiopoden, Lamellibranchiaten und Anneliden der Trigonia Schwarzi-Schicht, nebst vergleichender Übersicht der Trigonien der gesamten Tendaguruschichten,” Archiv für Biontologie, Band iii, Heft 4, 1914, pp. 263, 268.Google Scholar
page 209 note 2 Lange, E., “Trigonia Smeei Sowerby und ihre horizontale Verbreitung,” Centralbl. für Min., etc., 1917, p. 496.Google Scholar
page 209 note 3 Hennig, E., “Beiträge zur Geologie und Stratigraphie Deutsch-Ostafrikas,” Archiv für Biontologie, Band iii, Heft 3, 1914, pp. 15, 25, 26.Google Scholar
page 210 note 1 OP. cit., 1914, p. 233, pl. xx, fig. 7.
page 210 note 2 See also the map giving the localities for the invertebrate fossils, Archiv für Biontologie, Band iii, Heft 4, 1914, p. 4.Google Scholar
page 210 note 3 op. cit., 1914, p. 265.
page 210 note 4 Hennig, E., “Die Altersfragen der Tendaguru-Schichten im südlichen Deutsch-Ostafrika,” Centralbl. für Min., etc., 1927, pp. 66, 67.Google Scholar
page 210 note 5 op. cit., 1914, p. 205.
page 210 note 6 Dietrich, W. O., “Das Alter der Trigonienschichten am Tendaguru,” Centralbl. für Min., etc., 1927, p. 62.Google Scholar
page 211 note 1 Müller, J., “Versteinerungen des Juraund der Kreide,” in W. Bornhardt's “Zur Oberflächengestaltung und Geologic Deutsch-Ostafrikas,” Deutsch-Ost-Afrika, Band vii, Theil 2, pp. 514–71, Berlin, 1900.Google Scholar Krenkel, E., “Dieuntere Kreide von Deutsch-Ostafrika,” Beiträge zur Pal. und Geol. Oesterr.-Ungarns und des Orients, Band xxiii, 1910, pp. 201–50.Google Scholar
page 211 note 2 Centralbl. für Min., etc., 1927, pp. 61, 62.Google Scholar
page 211 note 3 Krenkel, E., op. cit., p. 236.Google Scholar
page 212 note 1 Zwierzycki, J., “Die Cephalopodenfauna der Tendaguru-Schichten in Deutsch-Ostafrika,” Archiv für Biontologie, Band iii, Heft 4, 1914, p. 7. (Issued as a separate in 1913.)Google Scholar
page 212 note 2 Janensch, W. and Hennig, E., “Tabellarische Übersicht der Fundorte wirbelloser Fossilien im Arbeitsgebiete der Tendaguru-Expedition,” Archiv für Biontologie, Band iii, Heft 4, 1914, p. 5.Google Scholar
page 212 note 3 Centralbl. für Min., etc., 1927, p. 62.Google Scholar See also another list given by Dietrich, “Über eine dem mittleren Sauriermergel am Tendaguru aquivalente, rein marine Kimmeridgebildung in Mahokondo, Deutsch-Ostafrika,” Palaeontographica, Suppl. vii, Reihe ii, Teil 1, Lief. 1, 1925, p. 21.Google Scholar
page 213 note 1 Archiv für Biontologie, Band iii, Heft 3, 1914, p. 229.Google Scholar
page 213 note 2 Centralbl. für Min., etc., 1917, p. 494.Google Scholar
page 213 note 3 Dietrich, W. O., “Steincorallen des Maims und der Unterkreide im südlichen Deutsch-Ostafrika,” Palaeontographica, Suppl. vii, Reihe ii, Teil 1, Lief. 2, 1926, p. 41.Google Scholar
page 214 note 1 Hennig, E., “Die Invertebraten-Fauna der Saurierschichten am Tendaguru,” Archiv für Bionologie, Band iii, Heft 4, 1914, p. 164.Google Scholar
page 214 note 2 Hennig, E., op. cit., p. 176, p1. xiv, fig. 4.Google Scholar
page 215 note 1 Kitchin, F. L., “The Invertebrate Fauna and Palaeontological Relations of the Uitenhage Series,” Ann. South African Museum, vol. vii, part ii, 1908, p. 85, p1. ii, fig. 12.Google Scholar
page 215 note 2 Hennig, E., op. cit., pp. 178, 179.Google Scholar
page 215 note 3 Simpson, G. G., “The Age of the Morrison Formation,” Amer. Journ. Sci., Ser. v, vol. xii, 1926, p. 210.Google Scholar
page 216 note 1 Archly für Biontologie, Band iii, Heft 4, 1914, p. 5.Google Scholar
page 216 note 2 Spath, L. F., Mon. Geol. Dep. Hunterian Museum, Glasgow Univ., i, 1925, pp. 159, 160.Google Scholar Dietrich, W. O., Palaeontographica, Suppl. vii, Reihe ii, Teil 1, Lief. 1, 1925, p. 20 (“Lower Kimmeridge, Middle Kimmeridge”).Google Scholar
page 217 note 1 Archiv für Biontologie, Band iii, Heft 4, 1914, p. 165.Google Scholar
page 217 note 2 op. cit., pp. 178, 179.
page 217 note 3 Dietrich, W. O., “Die Gastropoden der Tendaguruschichten,” etc., Archiv für Biontologie, Band iii, Heft 4, 1914, p. 144.Google Scholar
page 217 note 4 “Geologisch-stratigraphische Beobachtungen im Küstengebiete des südlichen Deutsch-Ostafrika,” Archiv für Biontologie, Band iii, Heft 3, 1914, p. 15 (separate issued in 1913).Google Scholar
page 217 note 5 Archiv für Biontologie, Band iii, Heft 4, 1914, p. 160, footnote.Google Scholar
page 217 note 6 Archiv für Biontologie, Band iii, Heft 4, 1914, p. 282.Google Scholar
page 219 note 1 Rogers, A. W. and Toit, A. L. du, An Introduction to the Geology of Cape Colony, 2nd ed., 1909, pp. 289–326.Google Scholar
page 220 note 1 Archiv für Biontologie, Band iii, Heft 4, 1914, p. 287.Google Scholar
page 220 note 2 Broom, R., “On the Occurrence of an Opisthocoelian Dinosaur (Algoasaurus bauri) in the Cretaceous Beds of South Africa,” Geol. Mag., 1904, p. 445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar Schwarz, E. H. L., “Note on South Afrioan Cretaceous Dinosaurs,” Geol. Mao., 1913, p. 263.Google Scholar
- 6
- Cited by