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Ordovician reef and mound evolution: the Baltoscandian picture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 June 2016

BJÖRN KRÖGER ,
LINDA HINTS  and
OLIVER LEHNERT
BJÖRN KRÖGER*
Affiliation:
Finnish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 44, Fi-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
LINDA HINTS
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology at Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086, Tallinn, Estonia
OLIVER LEHNERT
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology at Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086, Tallinn, Estonia Geo-Center of Northern Bavaria, Lithosphere Dynamics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 5, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
*
†Author for correspondence: bjorn.kroger@helsinki.fi
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Abstract

The widespread growth of reefs formed by a framework of biogenic constructors and frame-lacking carbonate mounds began on Baltica during Ordovician time. Previously, Ordovician reef and mound development on Baltica was considered to be sporadic and local. A review of all known bioherm localities across the Baltic Basin reveals a more consistent pattern. Ordovician bioherms grew in a wide E–W-aligned belt across the Baltic Basin and occur in several places in Norway. Substantial reef development began simultaneously across the region during the late Sandbian – early Katian interval and climaxed during the late Katian Pirgu age. The current spatiotemporal distribution of bioherms is a result of interdependent factors that involve original drivers of reef development such as relative sea level, climate during the time of deposition and effects of post-depositional erosion. Oceanographic conditions were likely more favourable during times of cooler global climates, low sea level and glacial episodes. At the same time, the likelihood that bioherms are preserved from long-term erosion is higher when deposited during low sea level in deeper parts of the basin. A main factor controlling the timing of the reef and mound evolution was Baltica's shift toward palaeotropical latitudes during Late Ordovician time. The time equivalence between initial reef growth and the Guttenberg isotope carbon excursion (GICE) suggests that global climatic conditions were important.

Keywords

carbonate platformbiohermmud moundsBaltoscandiaGreat Ordovician Biodiversity Event (GOBE)
Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 154 , Issue 4 , July 2017 , pp. 683 - 706
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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