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Probable deinonychosaur tracks from the Upper Cretaceous Wapiti Formation (upper Campanian) of Alberta, Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2020

Nathan J. Enriquez Open the ORCID record for Nathan J. Enriquez [Opens in a new window] ,
Nicolás E. Campione Open the ORCID record for Nicolás E. Campione [Opens in a new window] ,
Corwin Sullivan Open the ORCID record for Corwin Sullivan [Opens in a new window] ,
Matthew Vavrek Open the ORCID record for Matthew Vavrek [Opens in a new window] ,
Robin L. Sissons ,
Matt A. White Open the ORCID record for Matt A. White [Opens in a new window]  and
Phil R. Bell Open the ORCID record for Phil R. Bell [Opens in a new window]
Nathan J. Enriquez*
Affiliation:
Palaeoscience Research Centre, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale2351, NSW, Australia
Nicolás E. Campione
Affiliation:
Palaeoscience Research Centre, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale2351, NSW, Australia
Corwin Sullivan
Affiliation:
Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum, Wembley T0H 3S0, Alberta, Canada Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, EdmontonT6G 2R3, Alberta, Canada
Matthew Vavrek
Affiliation:
Cutbank Palaeontological Consulting, Grande PrairieT8W 0H6, Alberta, Canada Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, TorontoM5S 2C6, Ontario, Canada
Robin L. Sissons
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, EdmontonT6G 2R3, Alberta, Canada
Matt A. White
Affiliation:
Palaeoscience Research Centre, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale2351, NSW, Australia
Phil R. Bell
Affiliation:
Palaeoscience Research Centre, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale2351, NSW, Australia
*
Author for correspondence: Nathan J. Enriquez, Email: nenrique@myune.edu.au
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Abstract

Late Cretaceous tracks attributable to deinonychosaurs in North America are rare, with only one occurrence of Menglongipus from Alaska and two possible, but indeterminate, occurrences reported from Mexico. Here we describe the first probable deinonychosaur tracks from Canada: a possible trackway and one isolated track on a single horizon from the Upper Cretaceous Wapiti Formation (upper Campanian) near Grande Prairie in Alberta. The presence of a relatively short digit IV differentiates these from argued dromaeosaurid tracks, suggesting the trackmaker was more likely a troodontid. Other noted characteristics of the Wapiti specimens include a rounded heel margin, the absence of a digit II proximal pad impression, and a broad, elliptical digit III. Monodactyl tracks occur in association with the didactyl tracks, mirroring similar discoveries from the Early Cretaceous Epoch of China, providing additional support for their interpretation as deinonychosaurian traces. Although we refrain from assigning the new Wapiti specimens to any ichnotaxon because of their relatively poor undertrack preservation, this discovery is an important addition to the deinonychosaur track record; it helps to fill a poorly represented geographic and temporal window in their known distribution, and demonstrates the presence of a greater North American deinonychosaur ichnodiversity than has previously been recognized.

Keywords

Deinonychosauriatroodontiddidactyl tracksfootprintsWapiti FormationCanada
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 158 , Issue 6 , June 2021 , pp. 1115 - 1128
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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