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Sedimentology and chemostratigraphy of the terminal Ediacaran Dengying Formation at the Gaojiashan section, South China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 June 2019

Huan Cui Open the ORCID record for Huan Cui [Opens in a new window] ,
Shuhai Xiao Open the ORCID record for Shuhai Xiao [Opens in a new window] ,
Yaoping Cai ,
Sara Peek ,
Rebecca E. Plummer Open the ORCID record for Rebecca E. Plummer [Opens in a new window]  and
Alan J. Kaufman Open the ORCID record for Alan J. Kaufman [Opens in a new window]
Huan Cui*
Affiliation:
Research Group of Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Division of Earth System Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium ET-HOME (Evolution and Tracers of the Habitability of Mars and Earth) Astrobiology Research Consortium, Belgium State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
Shuhai Xiao
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
Yaoping Cai
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
Sara Peek
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
Rebecca E. Plummer
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705USA
Alan J. Kaufman
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
*
*Author for correspondence: Huan Cui, Emails: Huan. Cui@vub.be; geohcui@gmail.com
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Abstract

The terminal Ediacaran Dengying Formation (c. 551.1–538.8 Ma) in South China is one of two successions where Ediacara-type macrofossils are preserved in carbonate facies along with skeletal fossils and bilaterian animal traces. Given the remarkable thickness of carbonate-bearing strata deposited in less than 12.3 million years, the Dengying Formation holds the potential for construction of a relatively continuous chemostratigraphic profile for the terminal Ediacaran Period. In this study, a detailed sedimentological and chemostratigraphic (δ13Ccarb, δ18Ocarb, δ13Corg, δ34Spyrite, and 87Sr/86Sr) investigation was conducted on the Dengying Formation at the Gaojiashan section, Ningqiang County of southern Shaanxi Province, South China. Sedimentological results reveal an overall shallow-marine depositional environment. Carbonate breccia, void-filling botryoidal precipitates and aragonite crystal fans are common in the Algal Dolomite Member of the Dengying Formation, suggesting that peritidal facies were repeatedly karstified. The timing of karstification was likely early, probably soon after the deposition of the dolomite sediments. The presence of authigenic aragonite cements suggests high alkalinity in the terminal Ediacaran ocean. Geochemical analysis of micro-drilled samples shows that distinct compositions are registered in different carbonate phases, which should be considered when constructing chemostratigraphic profiles representative of true temporal variations in seawater chemistry. Integrated chemostratigraphic data suggest enhanced burial of organic carbon and pyrite, and the occurrence of extensive marine anoxia (at least in the Gaojiashan Member). Rapid basinal subsidence and carbonate accumulation during a time of elevated seawater alkalinity and increased rates of pyrite burial may have facilitated the evolutionary innovation of early biomineralizing metazoans.

Keywords

geobiologyanimal biomineralizationauthigenesisaragonitekarstificationalkalinityCloudina
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 156 , Issue 11 , November 2019 , pp. 1924 - 1948
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2019 

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Footnotes

Present address: Huan Cui, Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry Research Group & ET-HOME Astrobiology Research Consortium, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium

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