Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T03:59:57.811Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Strike-slip terranes and a model for the evolution of the British and Irish Caledonides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

Donald H. W. Hutton
Donald H. W. Hutton
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, The University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Evidence is presented that many of the major strike faults in the British and Irish Caledonides were active as sinistral strike-slip zones in the end-Silurian to pre-mid-Devonian period. Some, such as the Highland Boundary Fault, moved in this way at an earlier stage in the Ordovician. These data allow the Caledonian rocks lying between the Laurentian miogeocline (whose basement is represented by the Lewisian, Moine and possibly the Dalradian) and the Gondwanaland miogeocline (Midland Platform and Welsh Basin) to be re-analysed as a group of disorganized terranes which originated to the southwest in North America and southwest Europe/Africa prior to the Silurian. The Highland Border Terrane and Northern Belt Terrane are interpreted as duplicated pieces of a mid-Ordovician sequence which was a back are to northwest subduction. The Midland Valley Terrane is interpreted as a slice of Laurentian foreland onto which ophiolites were obducted in the lower Ordovician but which became the basement of a continental margin arc to northwest subduction in the mid-Ordovician. The Cockburnland Terrane is inferred to be part of the same arc repeated and then broken up and dispersed by continuing strike slip. The Connemara Terrane is regarded as an allochthonous piece of the Dalradian miogeocline and the South Mayo Terrane as a remnant of an early Ordovician arc and fore arc which in mid-Ordovician times became a back arc/marginal basin to northwest subduction. The Lake District-Wexford Terrane is part of an arc to southeast subduction under Gondwanaland whose activity climaxed in the mid-Ordovician. The Central Terrane is interpreted as a Silurian overstep assemblage which blankets the junction between Laurentian- and Gondwanaland-derived oceanic terranes, and therefore Iapetus is regarded as an Ordovician ocean which closed prior to the Silurian. The model suggests that at the end of the Silurian, a clockwise-rotating Gondwanaland, having carried Laurentia into collision with Baltica, broke free and created a major sinistral strike-slip zone which disrupted the Ordovician palaeogeography in the British Isles/North American sector of Iapetus.

Type
Research Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 124 , Issue 5 , September 1987 , pp. 405 - 425
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aftalion, M., van Breeman, O. & Bowes, D. 1984. Age constraints on the basement of the Midland Valley of Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 75, 53–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, T. B. & Oliver, G. J. H. 1986. The Orlock Bridge fault: A major Late Caledonian sinistral fault in the Southern Uplands Terrane, British Isles. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 77, 203–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderton, R. 1985. Sedimentation and tectonics in the Scottish Dalradian. Scottish Journal of Geology 21, 407–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, A. J. & Gayer, R. A. 1985. Caledonide-Appalachian Tectonic Analysis and evolution of related Oceans. In The Tectonic Evolution of the Caledonide-Appalachian Orogen. (ed. Gayer, R. A.), pp (126–65.) F. Vieweg & Son, Braunschweig.Google Scholar
Bluck, B. J. 1983. Role of the Midland Valley of Scotland in the Caledonian Orogeny. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 74, 119–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bluck, B. J. 1984. Pre-Carboniferous history of the Midland Valley of Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 75, 275–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bluck, B. J. 1986. The Scottish paratectonic Caledonides. Scottish Journal of Geology 21, 437–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bluck, B. J., Halliday, A. N., Aftalion, M. & MacIntyre, R. M. 1980. Age and origin of the Ballantrae ophiolite and its significance to the Caledonian orogeny and the Ordovician time-scale. Geology 8, 492–5.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bluck, B. J., Ingham, J. K., Curry, G. B. & Williams, A. 1984. Stratigraphy and tectonic setting of the Highland Border Complex. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 75, 124–33.Google Scholar
van Breeman, O. & Piasecki, M. A. J. 1983.The Glen Kyllachy Granite and its bearing on the nature of the Caledonian Orogeny in Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society of London 140, 47–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briden, J. C., Tranell, H. B. & Watts, D. R. 1984. British Paleomagnetism, Iapetus Ocean and the Great Glen Fault. Geology 12, 428–31.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brochwicz-Lewinski, W., Pozaryski, W. & Tomczyk, H. 1984. Sinistral strike slip in central Europe in the Palaeozoic. Polish Academy of Sciences. Publications of the Institute of Geophysics A-13, 3–13.Google Scholar
Butler, R. W. H. 1986. Structural evolution in the Moine of Northwest Scotland: A Caledonian linked thrust system? Geological Magazine 123, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler, R. W. H. & Coward, M. P. 1984. Geological constraints, structural evolution, and deep geology of the Northwest Scottish Caledonides. Tectonics 3, 347–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cameron, T. D. J. 1981. The history of Caledonian deformation in east Lecale, County Down. Journal of Earth Sciences of the Royal Dublin Society 4, 53–74.Google Scholar
Charlesworth, H. A. K. 1960. The Lower Palaeozoic inlier of the Curlew Mountains Anticline. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 61B, 37–50.Google Scholar
Cocks, L. R. M. & Fortey, R. A. 1982. Faunal evidence for oceanic separations in the Palaeozoic of Britain. Journal of the Geological Society of London 139, 467–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coe, R. S., Globerman, B. R., Plumley, R. W., & Thrupp, G. A. 1985. Palaeomagnetic results from Alaska and their tectonic implications. In Tectonostratigraphic Terranes of the Circum-Pacific Region (ed. Howell, D.G.), pp. 85–108, Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources, Houston, Texas.Google Scholar
Cooper, M. A. & Bruck, P. M. 1983. Tectonic relationships of the Leinster Granite, Ireland. Geological Journal 18, 351–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craig, L. E. 1984. Stratigraphy in an accretionary prism: The Ordovician rocks in North Down, Ireland. Transactions of the Royal Society, Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 74, 183–91.Google Scholar
Cummins, W. A. 1954. An Arenig Volcanic Series near Charlestown, Co. Mayo. Geological Magazine 91, 102–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curry, G. B., Bluck, B. J., Burton, C. J., Ingham, J. K., Siveter, D. J. & Williams, A. 1984. Age, evolution and tectonic history of the Highland Border Complex, Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 75, 113–33.Google Scholar
Curry, G. B., Ingham, J. K., Bluck, B. J. & Williams, A. 1982. The significance of a reliable Ordovician age for some Highland Border rocks in Central Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society of London 139, 451–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewey, J. F. 1967. The structural and metamorphic history of the Lower Palaeozoic rocks of Central Murrisk, County Mayo, Eire. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 123, 125–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewey, J. F. 1982. Plate tectonics and the evolution of the British Isles. Journal of the Geological Society of London 139, 371–412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewey, J. F. & Pankhurst, R. J. 1970. The evolution of the Scottish Caledonides in relation to their isotopic age pattern. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 68, 362–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewey, J. F. & Shackleton, R. M. 1984. A model for the evolution of the Grampian tract in the early Caledonides and Appalachians. Nature 312, 115–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elders, C. F. 1987. The provenance of granite boulders in conglomerates of the Northern and Central Belts of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society of London (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, D., Kenolty, N., Dobson, M. R. & Whittington, R. J. 1980. The Geology of the Malin Sea. Institute of Geological Sciences Report no. 79/15, 44 pp.Google Scholar
Fitches, W. R. & Maltman, A. J. 1984. Tectonic development and stratigraphy at the western margin of the Caledonides. Islay and Colonsay, Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 75, 365–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitton, J. G. & Hughes, D. J. 1970. Volcanism and plate tectonics in the British Ordovician. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 8, 223–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ffrench, G. D. & Williams, D. M. 1984. The sedimentology of the South Connemara Group, western Ireland – a possible Ordovician trench-fill sequence. Geological Magazine 121, 505–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibbons, W. & Gayer, R. A. 1985. British Caledonian Terranes. In The Tectonic Evolution of the Caledonide-Appalachian Orogen (ed. Gayer, R.A.), pp. 3–16. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig.Google Scholar
Graham, J. R. 1981. The ‘Old Red Sandstone’ of County Mayo, Northwest Ireland. Geological Journal 16, 157–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, J. R. & Smith, D. G. 1981. The age and significance of a small lower Palaeozoic inlier in County Mayo. Journal of Earth Sciences of the Royal Dublin Society 4, 1–5.Google Scholar
Graham, J. R., Richardson, J. B. & Clayton, G. 1983. Age and significance of the Old Red Sandstone around Clew Bay, NW Ireland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 73, 245–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, J., Powell, D. W., Warner, M. R., El-Isa, Z. M. H., Adesanya, O. & Bluck, B. J. 1983. Seismological evidence of shallow crystalline basement in the Southern Uplands of Scotland. Nature 305, 418–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halliday, A. N., Aftalion, M. & Leake, B. E. 1980. A revised age for the Donegal Granites. Nature 284, 542–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halliday, A. N., Aftalion, M., Upton, B. G. J., Aspen, P. & Jocelyn, J. 1984. U-Pb isotopic ages from a granulite-facies xenolith from Partan Craig in the Midland Valley of Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 75, 71–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halliday, A. N., Aftalion, M., Parsons, I., Dickin, A. P., & Johnson, M. R. W. 1987. Syn-orogenic alkaline magmatism and its relationship to the Moine Thrust Zone and the thermal state of the lithosphere in Northwest Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society of London (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halliday, A. N., Dickin, A. P., Fallick, A. E., Stephens, W. E. A., Hutton, D. H. W., Yardley, B. W. D. & Harmon, R. A. 1984. Open mantle and crust systems during ascent and emplacement of Late Caledonian alkali-rich magmas: a detailed multidisciplinary study of the Ratagain Complex, N.W. Scotland. In Proceedings of Conference on Open Magmatic Systems, pp. 175–6. I.S.E.M. Southern Methodist University.Google Scholar
Harland, W. B. 1985. Caledonian Svalbard. In The Caledonide Orogen – Scandinavia and Related Areas (ed. Gee, D. G. & Sturt, B. A.), pp. 999–1016. John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Harris, A. L. 1983. The growth and structure of Scotland. In Geology of Scotland (ed. Craig, G.Y.), pp. 1–22. Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Harris, A. L., Highton, A. J., Roberts, A. M., Stocker, M. S., Piasecki, M. A. J. & vanBreeman, O. Breeman, O. 1983. Discussion on the Glen Kyllachy Granite and its bearing on the nature of the Caledonian orogeny in Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society of London 140, 961–3.Google Scholar
Hartley, J. J. 1933. The geology of North-eastern Tyrone. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 41B, 218–85.Google Scholar
Hartley, J. J. 1936. The age of the igneous series Slieve Gallion, Northern Ireland. Geological Magazine 73, 226–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, C. H. 1986. Does the golden spike still glitter? Journal of the Geological Society of London 143, 3–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, C. H., Kelling, G. & Warton, E. K. 1979.O. T. Jones and after: a multitude of models. In The Caledonides of the British Isles – Reviewed (ed. Harris, A.L., Holland, C. H. & Leake, B. E.), pp. 469–81. Geological Society of London Special Publication no. 8.Google Scholar
Hossack, J. R. & Cooper, M. A. 1986. Collision tectonics in the Scandinavian Caledonides. In Collision Tectonics (ed. Coward, M.P. & Ries, A. C.), pp. 287–304. Geological Society Special Publication no. 19.Google Scholar
Hutton, D. H. W. 1982. A tectonic model for the emplacement of the Main Donegal Granite, NW Ireland. Journal of the Geological Society of London 139, 516–631.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutton, D. H. W. 1984. Discussion: A tectonic model for the emplacement of the Main Donegal Granite, NW Ireland. Journal of the Geological Society of London 141, 599–602.Google Scholar
Hutton, D. H. W. & Dewey, J. F. 1986. Palaeozoic terrane accretion in the Western Irish Caledonides. Tectonics 5, 1115–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutton, D. H. W. & Murphy, F. C. 1987. The Silurian rocks of the Southern Uplands and Ireland as a successor basin to the end Ordovician closure of Iapetus. Journal of the Geological Society of London (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutton, D. H. W., Aftalion, M. & Halliday, A. N. 1985. An Ordovician ophiolite in County Tyrone, Ireland. Nature 315, 210–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Institute of Geological Sciences. 1983. Malin Sheet, 55° N–08° W. Ordnance Survey of Great Britain, Southampton.Google Scholar
Johnston, M. R. W. & Frost, R. T. C. 1977. Fault and lineament patterns in the southern Highlands of Scotland. Geologie en Mijnbouw 5, 287–94.Google Scholar
Jones, D. L., Howell, D. G., Coney, P. J. & Monger, J. W. H. 1983. Recognition, character, and analysis of tectonostratigraphic terranes in western North America. In Accretionary Tectonics in the Circum-Pacific Regions (ed. Hashimoto, M., Uyeda, S.), pp. 21–35. Advances in Earth and Planetary Sciences, Terra Science Publishing Co. Tokyo.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kokelaar, B. P., Howells, M. F., Bevins, R. E., Roach, R. A. & Dunkley, P. N. 1984. The Ordovician marginal basin of Wales. In Marginal Basin Geology: Volcanic and Associated Sedimentary and Tectonic Processes in Modern and Ancient Marginal Basins (ed. Kokelaar, B. P., Howells, M. F.), pp. 245–69. Geological Society of London Special Publication.Google Scholar
Laird, M. G., & McKerrow, W. S. 1970. The Wenlock sediments of north-west Galway, Ireland. Geological Magazine 107, 297–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leake, B. E., Tanner, P. W. G., Singh, D. & Halliday, A. N. 1983. Major southward overthrusting of the Dalradian rocks of Connemara, Western Ireland. Nature 305, 210–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leake, B. E., Tanner, P. W. G., Macintyre, R. M. & Elias, E. 1984. Tectonic position of the Dalradian rocks of Connemara and its bearing on the evolution of the Midland Valley of Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society, Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 75, 165–71.Google Scholar
Leggo, P. J., Compston, W. & Leake, B. E. 1966. The geochronology of the Connemara granites and its bearing on the antiquity of the Dalradian Series. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 122, 91–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Longman, C. D., Bluck, B. J. & van Breeman, O. 1979. Ordovician conglomerates and the evolution of the Midland Valley. Nature 280, 578–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Max, M. D. & Inamdar, D. D. 1983. Detailed compilation magnetic map of Ireland and a summary of its deep geology. Geological Survey of Ireland Report Series RS 83/1 (Geophysics). 10 pp.Google Scholar
Max, M. D. & Riddihough, R. P. 1975. Continuation of the Highland Boundary Fault in Ireland. Geology 3, 206–10.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Max, M. D. & Ryan, P. D. 1975. The Southern Uplands Fault and its relation to the metamorphic rocks of Connemara. Geological Magazine 112, 610–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Max, M. D., Long, C. B. & Geoghegan, M. A. 1978. The Galway Granite. Geological Survey of Ireland Bulletin 2, 223–33.Google Scholar
Max, M. D., Ryan, P. D. & Inamdar, D. D. 1983. A magnetic deep structural geology interpretation of Ireland. Tectonics 2, 431–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meighan, I. G., & Neeson, J. C. 1979. The Newry igneous complex, County Down. In The Caledonides of the British Isles – Reviewed (ed. Harris, A. L., Holland, C. H. & Leake, B. E.), pp. 717–22. Geological Society of London Special Publication No. 8.Google Scholar
Mitchell, A. H. G. 1984. The British Caledonides: interpretations from Cenozoic analogues. Geological Magazine 121, 35–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, J. H. 1983. The stratigraphy of the Lower Palaeozoic Rocks in the western end of the Longford-Down Inlier, Ireland. Journal of Earth Sciences of the Royal Dublin Society 5, 201–8.Google Scholar
Morris, J. H. 1987. The Northern Belt of the Longford Down, Ireland and Southern Uplands, Scotland: an Ordovician back arc basin. Journal of the Geological Society of London (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, F. C. 1985. Non-axial planar cleavage and Caledonian sinistral transpression in eastern Ireland. Geological Journal 20, 257–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, F. C. 1987. Late Caledonian granitoids and timing of deformation in the Iapetus suture zone of eastern Ireland. Geological Magazine 124, 135–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, F. C. & Hutton, D. H. W. 1986. Is the Southern Uplands of Scotland really an accretionary prism? Geology 14, 354–7.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Needham, D. T. & Knipe, R. J. 1986. Accretion- and collision-related deformation in the Southern Uplands accretionary wedge, southwestern Scotland. Geology 14, 303–6.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Connor, P. G. & Poustie, A. 1986. Geological setting of, and alteration associated with, the Charlestown mineral deposit. In The Geology and Genesis of Mineral Deposits in Ireland (ed. Andrew, C. J. and others), pp. 89–101. Irish Association of Economic Geologists, Dublin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Connor, P. J. & Bruck, P. M. 1978. Age and origin of the Leinster granite. Journal of Earth Science of the Royal Dublin Society 2, 83–100.Google Scholar
O'Connor, P. J., Long, C. B. & Hennessy, J. 1983.Radioelement geochemistry of Irish Newer Caledonian Granites. Geological Survey of Ireland Bulletin 3, 125–40.Google Scholar
Oliver, G. J. H. 1978. Prehnite-pumpellyite facies metamorphism in County Cavan, Ireland. Nature 274, 242–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver, G. J. H. & Leggett, J. K. 1980. Metamorphism in an accretionary prism: prehnite-pumpellyite facies metamorphism of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 71, 235–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland, 1961. Magnetic Anomaly Map of Northern Ireland. Ordnance Survey, Southampton.Google Scholar
Pankhurst, R. J., Andrews, J. R., Phillips, W. E. A. & Sanders, I. S. 1976. Age and structural setting of the Slieve Gamph igneous complex, Co. Mayo, Eire. Journal of the Geological Society of London 132, 327–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, W. E. A. 1973. The pre-Silurian rocks of Clare Island, Co. Mayo, Ireland, and the age of the metamorphism of the Dalradian in Ireland. Journal of the Geological Society of London 129, 585–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, W. E. A., Flegg, A. M. & Anderson, T. B. 1979. Strain adjacent to the Iapetus suture in Ireland. In The Caledonides of the British Isles-Reviewed (ed. Harris, A. L., Holland, C. H. & Leake, B. E.), pp. 257–62. Geological Society of London Special Publication no. 8.Google Scholar
Phillips, W. E. A., Stillman, C. J. & Murphy, T. 1976. A Caledonian plate and tectonic model. Journal of the Geological Society of London 132, 579–609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poustie, A. 1982. The discovery of a new mineral deposit within an Ordovician volcanic series near Charlestown, County Mayo. In Mineral Exploration in Ireland: Progress and Development 1971–1981 (ed. Brown, A. G.), pp. 97–107. Irish Association of Economic Geologists, Dublin.Google Scholar
Pudsey, C. I. 1984. Ordovician stratigraphy and sedimentology of the South Mayo Inlier. Irish Journal of Earth Sciences 6, 15–45.Google Scholar
Richardson, S. W. & Powell, R. 1976. Thermal causes of the Dalradian metamorphism in the Central Highlands of Scotland. Scottish Journal of Geology, 12, 237–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, A. M. & Harris, A. L. 1983. The Lough Quoich Line – a limit of early Palaeozoic crustal reworking in the Moine of the Northern Highlands of Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society of London 140, 883–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rushton, A. & Phillips, W. E. A. 1973. A specimen of Protospongia hicksi from the Dalradian of Clare Island, Co. Mayo, Ireland. Palaeontology 16, 223–30.Google Scholar
Ryan, P. D. & Archer, J. B. 1977. The South Mayo Trough: a possible Ordovician Gulf of California-type marginal basin in the west of Ireland. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 14, 2453–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, P. D. & Archer, J. B. 1978. The Lough Nafooey Fault. Geological Survey of Ireland Bulletin 2, 255–64.Google Scholar
Ryan, P. D., Floyd, P. A. & Archer, J. B. 1980. The stratigraphy and petrochemistry of the Lough Nafooey Group (Tremadocian), western Ireland. Journal of the Geological Society of London 137, 43–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, P. D., Max, M. D. & Kelly, T. 1983. The petrochemistry of the basic volcanic rocks of the South Connemara Group (Ordovician) Western Ireland. Geological Magazine 120, 141–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, P. D., Sawal, V. K. & Rowlands, A. S. 1983. Ophiolitic melange separates ortho- and para-tectonic Caledonides in Western Ireland. Nature 301, 50–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanderson, D. J., Andrews, J. R., Phillips, W. E. A. & Hutton, D. H. W. 1980. Deformation studies in the Irish Caledonides. Journal of the Geological Society of London 137, 289–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, J. B. 1986. Provenance and setting of some Ordovician and Silurian conglomerates in Northern Ireland. Scottish Journal of Geology 22, 63–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soper, N. J. 1986 a. The Newer Granite problem: a geotectonic view. Geological Magazine 123, 227–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soper, N. J. 1986 b. Geometry of transecting anastomosing solution cleavage in transpression zones. Journal of Structural Geology 8, 937–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soper, N. J. & Hutton, D. H. W. 1984. Late Caledonian sinistral displacements in Britain: implications for a three-plate collision model. Tectonics 3, 781–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spray, J. G. & Williams, G. D. 1980. The sub-ophiolite metamorphic rocks of the Ballantrae Igneous Complex, SW Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society of London 137, 359–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stillman, C. J. & Williams, C. T. 1978. Geochemistry and tectonic setting of some Upper Ordovician volcanic rocks in east and southeast Ireland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 41, 288–310.Google Scholar
Stone, P., Floyd, J. D., Barnes, R. P. & Lintern, B. C. 1987. A sequential back-arc and foreland basin thrust duplex model for the Southern Uplands of Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society of London, in press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storetvedt, K. M. 1986. Major late Caledonian and Hercynian shear movements on the Great Glen Fault. Terra Cognita 6, 341.Google Scholar
Upton, B. G., Aspen, P. & Hunter, R. H. 1984. Xenoliths and their implications for the deep geology of the Midland Valley of Scotland and adjacent regions. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 75, 65–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van der Voo, R. & Scotese, C. R. 1981. Palaeomagnetic evidence for a large (2000 km) sinistral offset along the Great Glen Fault during Carboniferous time. Geology 9, 583–9.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wadge, A. J., Gale, N. H., Beckinsale, R. D. & Rundle, C. C. 1978. An Rb-Sr isochron for the Sharp granite. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 42, 297–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, J. V. 1984. The ending of the Caledonian Orogeny in Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society of London 141, 193–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, J. V. & Dunning, F. W. 1979. Basement-cover relationships in the British Caledonides. In The Caledonides of the British Isles – Reviewed (ed. Harris, A. L., Holland, C. H. & Leake, B. E.), pp. 67–91. Geological Society of London Special Publication no. 8.Google Scholar
White, N. J. & Hutton, D. H. W. 1985. The structure of the Dalradian rocks in West Fanad, County Donegal. Irish Journal of Earth Sciences 7, 79–92.Google Scholar
Williams, A. 1962. The Barr and Lower Ardmillian Series (Caradoc) of the Girvan district, South-West Ayrshire. Memoir. Geological Society of London no. 3.Google Scholar
Williams, H. & Hatcher, R. D. 1983. Appalachian suspect terranes. Geological Society of America Memoir 158, 33–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodcock, N. H. 1984. The Pontesford lineament, Welsh Borderland. Journal of the Geological Society of London 141, 1001–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zen, E-An. 1983. Exotic terranes in the New England Appalachians – limits, candidates, and ages: a speculative essay. Geological Society of America Memoir 158, 55–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar