Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T17:50:54.514Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Triassic magmatism in the European Southern Alps as an early phase of Pangea break-up

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 April 2020

Angelo De Min Open the ORCID record for Angelo De Min [Opens in a new window] ,
Matteo Velicogna ,
Luca Ziberna ,
Massimo Chiaradia ,
Antonio Alberti  and
Andrea Marzoli
Angelo De Min*
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Weiss 8, 34128 Trieste, Italy
Matteo Velicogna
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Weiss 8, 34128 Trieste, Italy
Luca Ziberna
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Weiss 8, 34128 Trieste, Italy Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
Massimo Chiaradia
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue des Maraichers 13, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
Antonio Alberti
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Matematica e Geoscienze, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Weiss 8, 34128 Trieste, Italy
Andrea Marzoli
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
*
Author for correspondence: De Min Angelo, Email: demin@units.it
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Magmatic rocks from the Dolomites, Carnic and Julian Alps, Italy, have been sampled to investigate the origin and geodynamic setting of Triassic magmatism in the Southern Alps. Basaltic, gabbroic and lamprophyric samples have been characterized for their petrography, mineral chemistry, whole-rock major and trace elements, and Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions. Geothermobarometric estimates suggest that the basaltic magmas crystallized mostly at depths of 14–20 km. Isotopic data show variable degrees of crustal contamination decreasing westwards, probably reflecting a progressively more restitic nature of the crust, which has been variably affected by melting during the Permian period. Geochemical and isotopic data suggest that the mantle source was metasomatized by slab-derived fluids. In agreement with previous studies and based on geological evidence, we argue that this metasomatism was not contemporaneous with the Ladinian–Carnian magmatism but was related to previous subduction episodes. The lamprophyres, which likely originated some 20 Ma later by lower degrees of melting and at higher pressures with respect to the basaltic suite, suggest that the mantle source regions of Triassic magmatism in the Dolomites was both laterally and vertically heterogeneous. We conclude that the orogenic signatures of the magmas do not imply any coeval subduction in the surrounding of Adria. We rather suggest that this magmatism is related to the Triassic rifting episodes that affected the western Mediterranean region and that were ultimately connected to the rifting events that caused the break-up of Pangea during the Late Triassic – Early Jurassic period.

Keywords

DolomitesbasaltsPangeageodynamic settings
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 157 , Issue 11 , November 2020 , pp. 1800 - 1822
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbas, H, Michail, M, Cifelli, F, Mattei, M, Gianolla, P, Lustrino, M and Carminati, E (2018) Emplacement modes of the Ladinian plutonic rocks of the Dolomites: insights from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. Journal of Structural Geology 113, 42–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armienti, P, Corazzato, C, Groppelli, G, Natoli, E and Pasquare, G (2003) Geological and petrographical study of Montecampione Triassic subvolcanic bodies (Southern Alps, Italy): preliminary geodynamic results. Bollettino della società Geologica Italiana, Volume Speciale 2, 67–78.Google Scholar
Artioli, G, Angelini, I, Nimis, P and Villa, IM (2016) Lead-isotope database of copper ores from the Southeastern Alps: a tool for the investigation of prehistoric copper metallurgy. Journal of Archaeological Science 75, 27–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aubouin, J, Blanchet, R, Cadet, P, Celet, P, Charvet, J, Choro-witz, J, Cousin, M and Rampnoux, J-P (1970) Essai sur la geologie des Dinarides. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 12, 1060–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baier, J, Audétat, A and Keppler, H (2008) The origin of the negative niobium tanatalum anomaly in subduction zone magmas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 267, 290–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, J, Peate, D, Waight, T and Meyzen, C (2004) Pb isotopic analysis of standards and samples using a 207Pb-204Pb double spike and thallium to correct for mass bias with a double-focusing MC-ICPMS. Chemical Geology 211, 275–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beccaluva, L, Coltorti, M, Saccani, E, Siena, F and Zeda, O (2005) Triassic magmatism and Jurassic ophiolites at the margins of the Adria Plate. In CROP PROJECT: Deep Seismic Exploration of the Central Mediterranean and Italy (ed Finetti, IR), pp. 607–21. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Beguelin, P, Chiaradia, M, Beate, B and Spikings, RA (2015) The Yanaurcu volcano (Western Cordillera, Ecuador): a field, petrographic, geochemical, isotopic and geochronological study Lithos 218–219, 37–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bellieni, G, Fioretti, AM, Marzoli, A and Visonà, D (2010) Permo–Paleogene magmatism in the eastern Alps. Rendiconti Lincei 21, 51–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beltràn-Triviño, A, Winkler, W, Von Quadt, A and Gallofer, D (2016) Triassic magmatism on the transition from Variscan to Alpine cycles: evidence from U-Pb, Hf, and geochemistry of detrital minerals. Swiss Journal of Geosciences 109, 309–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beltrando, M, Stockli, DF, Decarlis, A and Manatschal, G (2015) A crustal-scale view at rift localization along the fossil Adriatic margin of the Alpine Tethys preserved in NW Italy. Tectonics 34, 1927–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bianchi, A and Di Cobertaldo, D (1956) Osservazioni paragenetiche sul giacimento a rame e tungsteno della Bedovina presso Predazzo. Rendiconti SMI 12, 55–65.Google Scholar
Bianchini, G, Natali, C, Shibata, T and Yoshikawa, M (2018) Basic dykes crosscutting the crystalline basement of Valsugana (Italy): new evidence of Early Triassic volcanism in the Southern Alps. Tectonics 37, 2080–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bole, M, Dolenec, T, Zupančič, N and Činč-Juhant, B (2001) The Karawanke Granitic Belt (Slovenia) – a bimodal Triassic alkaline plutonic complex. Schweizerische Mineralogische Petrographische Mitteilungen 81, 23–38.Google Scholar
Bonadiman, C, Coltorti, M and Siena, F (1994) Petrogenesis and T-fO2 estimates of Mt. Monzoni complex (Central Dolomites, Southern Alps): a Triassic shoshonitic intrusion in a transcurrent geodynamic setting. European Journal of Mineralogy 6, 943–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borsi, S and Ferrara, G (1968) Isotopic age measurements of the M. Monzoni intrusive complex. Minerologica et Petrografica Acta 14, 171–83Google Scholar
Bortolotti, V and Principi, G (2005) Tethyan ophiolites and Pangea break-up. The Island Arc 14, 442–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boynton, WV (1984) Geochemistry of rare Earth elements: meteorite studies. In Rare Earth Element Geochemistry (ed Henderson, P.), pp. 63–114. Amsterdam: Elsevier.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Callegaro, S, Marzoli, A, Bertrand, H, Bichert-Toft, J, Reisberg, L, Cavazzini, G, Jourdan, F, Davies, J HFL, Parisio, L, Bouchet, R, Paul, A, Schaltegger, U and Chiaradia, M (2017) Geochemical constraints provided by the Freetown Layered Complex (Sierra Leone) on the origin of high-ti tholeiitic CAMP magmas. Journal of Petrology 58, 1811–40.Google Scholar
Callegaro, S, Rapaille, C, Marzoli, A, Bertrand, H, Chiaradia, M, Reisberg, L, Bellieni, G, Martins, L, Madeira, J, Mata, J, Youbi, N, De Min, A, Azevedo, MR and Bensalah, MK (2014) Enriched mantle source for the Central Atlantic magmatic province: New supporting evidence from southwestern Europe. Lithos 188, 15–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carraro, A and Visonà, D (2003) Mantle xenoliths in Triassic camptonite dykes of the Predazzo Area (Dolomites, Northern Italy): petrography, mineral chemistry and geothermobarometry. European Journal of Mineralogy 15, 103–15.Google Scholar
Casetta, F, Coltorti, M, Ickert, RB, Bonadiman, C, Giacomoni, PP and Ntaflos, T (2018a) Intrusion of shoshonitic magmas at shallow crustal depth: T–P path, H2O estimates, and AFC modeling of the Middle Triassic Predazzo Intrusive Complex (Southern Alps, Italy). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 173, 57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casetta, F, Coltorti, M and Marocchino, E (2018b) Petrological evolution of the Middle Triassic Predazzo Intrusive Complex, Italian Alps. International Geology Review 60, 977–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casetta, F, Ickert, RB, Mark, DF, Bonadiman, C, Giacomoni, PP, Ntaflos, T and Coltorti, M (2019) The alkaline lamprophyres of the Dolomitic area (Southern Alps, Italy): markers of the Late Triassic change from orogenic-like to anorogenic magmatism. Journal of Petrology 60, 1263–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cassinis, G, Cortesogno, L, Gaggero, L, Perotti, CR and Buzzi, L (2008) Permian to Triassic geodynamic and magmatic evolution of the Brescian Prealps (eastern Lombardy, Italy). Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana 127, 501–18.Google Scholar
Cassinis, G and Zezza, U (1982) Dati geologici e petrografici sui prodotti del magmatismo triassico nelle Prealpi Bresciane. In Guida alla Geologia del Sudalpino Centro-orientale (eds Castellarin, A. and Vai, GB), pp. 157–71. Siena: Guide Geologiche Regionali SGI.Google Scholar
Castellarin, A, Lucchini, F, Rossi, PL, Selli, L and Simboli, G (1988) The Middle Triassic magmatic-tectonic arc development in the Southern Alps. Tectonophysics 146, 79–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Catalano, R, Di Stefano, P and Kozur, H (1991) Permian circumpacific deep-water faunas from the Western Tethys (Sicily-Italy) – new evidences for the position of the Permian Tethys. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 87, 75–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiaradia, M, Müntener, O and Beate, B (2011) Enriched basaltic andesites from mid-crustal fractional crystallization, recharge, and assimilation (Pilavo Volcano, Western Cordillera of Ecuador). Journal of Petrology 52, 1107–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Comin-Chiaramonit, P, Cundari, A, Piccirillo, EM, Gomes, CB, Castorina, F, Censi, P, De Min, A, Marzoli, A, Speziale, S and Velázquez, VF (1997) Potassic and sodic igneous rocks from eastern Paraguay: their origin from the lithospheric mantle and genetic relationships with the associated Paraná flood tholeiites. Journal of Petrology 38, 495–528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conceição, RV and Green, DH (2004) Derivation of potassic (shoshonitic) magmas by decompression melting of phlogopite+pargasite lherzolite. Lithos 72, 209–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crisci, CM, Ferrara, G, Mazzuoli, R and Rossi, PM (1984) Geochemical and geochronological data on Triassic volcanism of the Southern Alps of Lombardy (Italy): genetic implications. Geologische Rundschau 73, 279–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cross, W, Iddings, JP, Pirsson, LV and Washington, HS (1902) A quantitativechemico-mineralogical classification and nomenclature of igneous rocks. Journal of Geology 10, 555–693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Csontos, L and Vörös, A (2004) Mesozoic plate tectonic reconstruction of the Carpathian region. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 210, 1–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de la Roche, H, Leterrier, J, Grandclaude, P and Marchal, M (1980) A classification of volcanic and plutonic rocks using R1R2-diagram and major-element analyses – its relationships with current nomenclature. Chemical Geology 29, 183–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Min, A, Callegaro, S, Marzoli, A, Nardy, AJ, Chiaradia, M, Marques, L and Gabbarrini, I (2018) Insights into the petrogenesis of low- and high-Ti basalts: stratigraphy and geochemistry of four lava sequences from the central Paranà basin. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 355, 232–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Min, A, Jourdan, F, Marzoli, A, Renne, PR and Juračič, M (2009) The tholeiitic magmatism of Jabuka, Vis and Brusnik islands: a Carnian magmatism in the Adria Plate. Rendiconti online della Società Geologica Italiana 9, 85.Google Scholar
De Vecchi, GP and Sedea, R (1983) Il vulcanesimo medio-triassico nelle Prealpi Vicentine (Italia Settentrionale). Memorie di Scienze Geologiche 36, 149–69.Google Scholar
Denyszyn, SW, Fiorentini, ML, Maas, R and Dering, G (2018) A bigger tent for CAMP. Geology 46, 823–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DePaolo, DJ (1981) Trace elements and isotopic effect of combined wallrock assimilation and fractional crystallization. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 53, 189–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doglioni, C (1987) Tectonics of the Dolomites (Southern Alps, Northern Italy). Journal of Structural Geology 9, 181–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doglioni, C and Carminati, E (2008) Structural styles and Dolomites field trip. Memorie Descrittive della Carta Geologica Italiana 82, 299 pp.Google Scholar
Doroozi, R, Vaccaro, C, Masoudi, F and Petrini, R (2016) Cretaceous alkaline volcanism in south Marzanabad, northern central Alborz, Iran: geochemistry and petrogenesis. Geoscience Frontiers 7, 937–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faure, G, Assereto, R and Tremba, EL (1978) Strontium isotope composition of marine carbonates of Middle Triassic to Early Jurassic age, Lombardic Alps, Italy. Sedimentology 25, 523–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foley, S (1990) A review and assessment of experiments on kimberlites, lamproites and lamprophyres as a guide to their origin. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science 99, 57–80.Google Scholar
Furrer, H, Shaltegger, U, Ovtchanova, M and Meiste, P (2008) U-Pb zircon age of volcaniclastic layers in Middle Triassic platform carbonates of the Austroalpine Silvretta nappe (Switzerland). Swiss Journal of Geosciences 101, 595–603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galli, A, Grassi, D, Sartori, G, Gianola, O, Burg, J-P and Schmidt, MW (2019) Jurassic carbonatite and alkaline magmatism in the Ivrea zone (European Alps) related to the breakup of Pangea. Geology 47, 199–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gasparotto, G and Simboli, G (1991) Mineralogia, petrografia e schemi evolutivi delle magmatiti triassiche del complesso di Cima Pape (Dolomiti Orientali). Mineralogica et Petrografica Acta 34, 205–34.Google Scholar
Gianolla, P (1992) Evoluzione Mediotriassica del Vulcanesimo di Rio Freddo. Memorie di Scienze Geologiche 19, 193–209.Google Scholar
Gianolla, P, De Zanche, P and Mietto, P (1998) Triassic sequence stratigraphy in the Southern Alps (northern Italy): Definition of sequences and basin evolution. In Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, pp. 719–47. SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology, Special Publication no. 60.Google Scholar
Goldhammer, RK, Dunn, PA and Hardie, LA (1990) Depositional cycles, composite sea-level changes, cycle stacking patterns, and the hierarchy of stratigraphic forcing. Geological Society of America Bulletin 102, 535–62.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golonka, J (2004) Plate tectonic evolution of the southern margin of Eurasia in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Tectonopysics 381, 235–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grocke, SB, Cottrell, E, de Silva, S and Kelley, KA (2016) The role of crustal and eruptive processes versus source variations in controlling the oxidation state of iron in Central Andean magmas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 440, 92–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Handy, HR, Franz, L, Heller, F, Janott, B and Zurbriggen, R (1999) Multistage accretion and exhumation of the continental crust (Ivrea crustal section, Italy and Switzerland). Tectonics 18, 1154–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, S and Zindler, A (1989) Constraints on the nature and development of chemical heterogeneities in the mantle. In Mantle Convection (ed. Peltier, WR), pp. 216–387. New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Hart, SR (1984) A large scale isotope anomaly in the Southern Hemisphere mantle. Nature 309, 753–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koppel, V and Schroll, E (1988) Pb-isotope evidence for the origin of lead in strata-bound Pb-Zn deposits in Triassic carbonates of the Eastern and Southern Alps. Mineralium Deposita 23, 96–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korte, C, Kozur, HW, Bruckschen, P and Veizer, J (2003) Strontium isotope evolution of Late Permian and Triassic seawater. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67, 47–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kozur, H (1991) The evolution of the Meliata-Hallstatt Ocean and its significance for the early evolution of the Eastern Alps and Western Carpathians. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 87, 109–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lago, M, Arranz, E, Pocovì, A, Galè, C and Gil-Imaz, A (2004) Permian magmatism and basin dynamics in the southern Pyrenees: a record of the transition from late Variscan transtension to early Alpine extension. In Permo-Carboniferous Magmatism and Rifting in Europe (eds M Wilson, E-R Neumann, GR Davies, MY Timmerman, M Heeremans and BT Larsen), pp. 439–64. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lange, RA, Frey, HM and Hector, J (2009) A thermodynamic model for the plagioclase-liquid hygrometer/thermometer. American Mineralogist 94, 494–506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langone, A, Padrón-Navarta José, A, Ji, W-Q, Zanetti, A, Mazzucchelli, M, Tiepolo, M, Giovanardi, T and Bonazzi, M (2017) Ductile–brittle deformation effects on crystal-chemistry and U–Pb ages of magmatic and metasomatic zircons from a dyke of the Finero Mafic Complex (Ivrea–Verbano Zone, Italian Alps). Lithos 284–85, 493–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langone, A, Zanetti, A, Daczko, NR, Piazolo, S, Tiepolo, M and Mazzucchelli, M (2018) Zircon U–Pb dating of a lower crustal shear zone: a case study from the northern sector of the Ivrea–Verbano Zone (Val Cannobina, Italy). Tectonics 37, 322–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laurenzi, MA and Visonà, D (1996) 40Ar/39Ar Chronology of Predazzo magmatic complex (Southern Alps, Italy). In Proceedings of 78th Riunione estiva Società Geologica Italiana, Geologia delle Dolomiti, 16–18 September 1996, San Cassiano di Val Badia (BZ), Italy.Google Scholar
Laurenzi, MA, Visonà, D and Zantedeschi, C (1994) High resolution Ar/Ar chronology of Predazzo magmatic complex (Southern Alps, Italy). ICOG 8, 5–11.Google Scholar
Le Bas, MJ, Le Maitre, RW and Woolley, AR (1992) The construction of the Total Alkali-Silica chemical classification of volcanic rocks. Mineralogy and Petrology 46, 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Maitre, RW, Streckeisen, A, Zanettin, B, Le Bas, MJ, Bonin, B, Bateman, P (2002) Igneous Rocks. A Classification and Glossary of Terms. Recommendations of the IUGS Subcomission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leake, BE, Woolley, AR, Arps, CES, Birch, WD, Gilbert, MC, Grice, JD, Hawthorne, FC and Youzhi, G (1997) Nomenclature of amphiboles: report of the subcommittee on amphiboles of the international mineralogical association, commission on new minerals and mineral names. American Mineralogist 82, 1019–37.Google Scholar
Li, C, Arndt, TN, Tang, Q and Ripley, ME (2015) Trace element indiscrimination diagrams. Lithos 232, 76–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liberi, F, Piluso, E and Langone, A (2011) Permo-Triassic thermal events in the lower Variscan continental crust section of the Northern Calabrian Arc, Southern Italy: insights from petrological data and in situ U–Pb zircon geochronology on gabbros. Lithos 124, 291–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, M, Hofmann, AW, Mazzucchelli, M and Rivalenti, G (1997a) The mafic–ultramafic complex near Finero (Ivrea–Verbano Zone), II. Geochronology and isotope geochemistry. Chemical Geology 140, 223–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, M, Hofmann, AW, Mazzucchelli, M and Rivalenti, G (1997b) The mafic–ultramafic complex near Finero (Ivrea–Verbano Zone), I. Chemistry of MORB-like magmas. Chemical Geology 140, 207–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucchini, F and Morten, L (1977) An example of flow differentiation: clinopyroxenite of the Predazzo igneous complex (north Italy): Lithos 10, 39–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lustrino, M, Abbas, H, Agostini, S, Caggiati, M, Carminati, E and Gianolla, P (2019) Origin of Triassic magmatism of the Southern Alps (Italy): constraints from geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic ratios. Gondwana Research 75, 218–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marzoli, A, Bertrand, H, Youbi, N, Callegaro, S., Merle, RE, Reisberg, L, Chiaradia, M, Sarah, B, Jourdan, F, Zanetti, A, Davies, J, Cuppone, T, Mahmoudi, A, Medina, F, Renne, P, Bellieni, G, Crivellari, S, Hachimi, HE, Bensalah, MK, Meyzen, C and Tegner, C (2019) The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) in Morocco. Journal of Petrology 60, 945–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marzoli, A, Renne, PR, Piccirillo, EM, Ernesto, M, Bellieni, G and De Min, A (1999) Extensive 200-million-year-old continental flood basalts of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. Science 284, 616–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mc Donough, WF and Sun, SS (1995) The composition of the Earth. Chemical Geology 120, 223–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merle, R, Marzoli, A, Reisberg, L, Bertrand, H, Nemchin, A, Chiaradia, M, Callegaro, S, Jourdan, F, Bellieni, G, Kontak, D, Puffer, J and McHone, GJ (2014) Sr, Nd, Pb and Os isotope systematics of CAMP tholeiites from Eastern North America (ENA): Evidence of a subduction-enriched mantle source. Journal of Petrology 55, 133–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, C, Thöni, M, Goessler, W and Tessadri, R (2011) Origin and age of the Eisenkappel gabbro to granite suite (Carinthia, SE Austrian Alps). Lithos 125, 434–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyashiro, A (1978) Nature of alkali volcanic rocks series. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 66, 91–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molina, JF, Moreno, JA, Castro, A, Rodriguez, C and Fershtater, GB (2015) Calcic amphibole thermobarometry in metamorphic and igneous rocks: New calibrations based on plagioclase/amphibole Al-Si partitioning and amphibole/liquid Mg partitioning. Lithos 232, 286–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morimoto, N (1988) Nomenclature of pyroxenes. Mineralogy and Petrology 39, 55–76.Google Scholar
Moussalam, Y, Oppenheimer, C, Scaillet, B, Gaillard, F, Kyle, P, Peters, N, Hartley, M, Berlo, K and Donovan, A (2014) Tracking the changing oxidation state of Erebus magmas, from mantle to surface, driven by magma ascent and degassing. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 393, 200–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Müller, D, Rock, NMS and Groves, DI (1992) Geochemical discrimination between shoshonitic and potassic volcanic rocks in different tectonic settings: a pilot study. Mineralogy and Petrology 46, 259–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muttoni, G, Gaetani, M, Kent, DV, Sciunnach, D, Angiolini, L, Berra, F, Garzanti, E, Mattei, M and Zanchi, A (2009) Opening of the Neo-Tethys Ocean and the Pangea B to Pangea A transformation during the Permian. GeoArabia 14, 17–48.Google Scholar
Narduzzi, F, De Min, A, Lenaz, D and Princivalle, F (2009) Crystal-chemistry of diopsides from mantle xenoliths in the Becco di Filadonna area: equilibration pressure and petrological implications. Rendiconti online della Società Geologica Italiana 9, 105–8.Google Scholar
Neave, DA and Putirka, KD (2017) A new clinopyroxene-liquid barometer, and implications for magma storage pressures under Icelandic rift zones. American Mineralogist 102, 777–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nikishin, AM, Ziegler, PA, Abbott, D, Brunet, MF and Cloetingh, S (2002) Permo-Triassic intraplate magmatism and rifting in Eurasia: implications for mantle plumes and mantle dynamics. Tectonophysics 351, 3–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olsen, PE (1997) Stratigraphic record of the early Mesozoic breakup of Pangea in the Laurasia–Gondwana rift system. Annual Review of Earth Planetary Sciences 25, 337–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olsen, PE, Kent, DV, Et-Touhami, M and Puffer, J (2003) Cyclo-, magneto-, and bio-stratigraphic constraints on the duration of the CAMP event and its relationship to the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. In The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province; Insights from Fragments of Pangea (eds Hames, WE, McHone, JG, Renne, PR and Ruppel, CR), pp. 7–32. Geophysical Monograph, American Geophysical Union.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pamić, JJ (1984) Triassic magmatism of the Dinarides in Yugoslavia. Tectonophysics 109, 281–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pe-Piper, G (1998) The nature of Triassic extension-related magmatism in Greece: evidence from Nd and Pb isotope geochemistry. Geological Magazine 135, 331–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pin, C, Briot, D, Bassin, C and Poitrasson, F (1994) Concomitant separation of strontium and samarium–neodymium for isotopic analysis in silicate samples, based on specific extraction chromatography. Analytica Chimica Acta 298, 209–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plank, T and Langmuir, CH (1998) The chemical composition of subducting sediment and its consequences for the crust and mantle. Chemical Geology 145, 325–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putirka, K (2005) Igneous thermometers and barometers based on plagioclase + liquid equilibria: Tests of some existing models and new calibrations. American Mineralogist 90, 336–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putirka, K (2008) Thermometers and barometers for volcanic systems. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 69, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putirka, K (2016) Amphibole thermometers and barometers for igneous systems and some implications for eruption mechanisms of felsic magmas at arc volcanoes. American Mineralogist 101, 819–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quick, JE, Sinigoi, S, Peressini, G, Demarchi, G, Wooden, JL and Sbisà, A (2009) Magmatic plumbing of a large Permian caldera exposed to a depth of 25 km. Geology 37, 603–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rock, NMS (1987) The nature and origin of lamprophyres: an overview. In Alkaline Igneous Rocks (eds Fitton, JG and Upton, BGJ), pp. 191–226. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 30.Google Scholar
Roeder, PL and Emslie, RF (1970) Olivine-liquid equilibrium. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 29, 275–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rottura, A, Bargossi, GM, Caggianelli, A, Del Moro, A, Visonà, D and Tranne, CA (1998) Origin and significance of the Permian high-K calc-alkaline magmatism in the central-eastern Southern Alps, Italy. Lithos 45, 329–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rudnick, RL and Gao, S (2003) Composition of the continental crust. In The Crust (ed Rudnick, RL), pp. 1–64. Oxford University Press, Treatise in Geochemistry vol. 3.Google Scholar
Scambelluri, M, Rampone, E, Braga, R and Malaspina, N (2010) The Variscan garnet peridotites from the Eastern Alps (Ulten Zone): records of subduction metasomatism in the mantle wedge. Journal of the Virtual Explorer 36, 28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaltegger, U and Brack, P (2007) Crustal-scale magmatic systems during intracontinental strike-slip tectonics: U, Pb and Hf isotopic constraints from Permian magmatic rocks of the Southern Alps. International Journal of Earth Science 96, 1131–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaltegger, U, Ulianov, A, Müntener, O, Ovtcharova, M, Peytcheva, I, Vonlanthen, P, Vennemann, T, Antognini, M and Girlanda, F (2015) Megacrystic zircon with planar fractures in miaskite-type nepheline pegmatites formed at high pressures in the lower crust (Ivrea Zone, southern Alps, Switzerland). American Mineralogist 100, 83–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schettino, A and Turco, E (2011) Tectonic history of the western Tethys since the Late Triassic. Geological Society of America Bulletin 123, 89–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlische, RW, Withjack, MO and Olsen, PE (2003) Relative timing of CAMP, rifting, continental breakup, and basin inversion: tectonic significance. In The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (eds Hames, WE, McHone, GC, Renne, PR and Ruppel, C), pp. 33–59. American Geophysical Union, Washington, Monograph no. 136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmid, SM, Bernoulli, D, Fügenschuh, B, Matenco, L, Schefer, S, Schuster, R, Tischler, M and Ustaszewski, K (2008) The Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaric orogenic system: correlation and evolution of tectonic units. Swiss Journal of Geoscience 101, 139–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmid, SM, Fügenschuh, B, Kissling, E and Schuster, R (2004) Tectonic map and overall architecture of the Alpine orogen. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 97, 93–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sengör, AMC (1984) The Cimmeride Orogenic System and the Tectonics of Eurasia. Geological Society of America, Special Paper no. 195, 82 pp.Google Scholar
Shaw, HF and Wasserburg, GJ (1985) Sm-Nd in marine carbonates and phosphates: implications for Nd isotopes in seawater and crustal ages. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 49, 503–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siena, F and Coltorti, M (1989) The petrogenesis of a hydrated mafic–ultramafic complex and the role of amphibole fractionation at Finero (Italian Western Alps). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie 6, 255–74.Google Scholar
Sloman, LE (1989) Triassic shoshonites from the Dolomites, Northern Italy: alkaline arc rocks in a strike-slip setting. Journal of Geophysical Research 94, 4655–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stähle, V, Frenzel, G, Hess, JC, Saupe, F, Schmidt, ST and Schneider, W (2001) Permian metabasalt and Triassic alkaline dykes in the northern Ivrea zone: clues to the post-Variscan geodynamic evolution of the Southern Alps. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 81, 1–21.Google Scholar
Stampfli, GM (2005) Plate tectonic of the Apulia-Adria microcontinents. In CROP PROJECT: Deep Seismic Exploration of the Mediterranean and Italy (ed. Finett, IR), pp. 747–66. Elsevier, Netherlands.Google Scholar
Stampfli, GM and Borel, GD (2002) A plate tectonic model for the Paleozoic and Mesozoic constrained by dynamic plate boundaries and restored synthetic oceanic isochrons. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 196, 17–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stampfli, GM, Borel, GD, Marchant, R and Mosar, J (2002) Western Alps geological constraints on the western Tethyan reconstructions. In Reconstruction of the Evolution of the Alpine-Himalayan Orogen (eds Rosenbaum, G and Lister, GS), pp. 75–104. Journal of the Virtual Explorer 7.Google Scholar
Stampfli, GM, Vavassis, I, De Bono, A, Rosselet, F, Matti, B and Bellini, M (2003) Remnants of the Paleotethys oceanic suture-zone in the western Tethyan area. Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, Volume Speciale 2, 1–23.Google Scholar
Storck, J-C, Brack, P, Worzlaw, J-F and Ulmer, P (2019) Timing and evolution of Middle Triassic magmatism in the Southern Alps (northern Italy). Journal of the Geological Society 176, 253–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanaka, T, Togashi, S, Kamioka, H, Amakawa, H, Kagami, H, Hamamoto, T, Yuhara, M, Orihashi, Y, Yoneda, S, Shimizu, H, Kunimaru, T, Takahashi, K, Yanagi, Y, Nakano, T, Fujimaki, H, Shinjo, R, Asahara, Y, Tanimizu, M and Dragusanu, C (2000) JNdi-1: a neodymium isotopic reference in consistency with La Jolla neodymium. Chemical Geology 168, 279–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tappe, S, Folet, SF, Jenner, GA, Heaman, LM, Kjarsgaard, BA, Romer, RL, Stracke, A, Joyce, N and Hoefs, J (2006) Genesis of ultramafic lamprophyres and carbonatites at Aillik Bay, Labrador: a consequence of incipient lithospheric thinning beneath the North Atlantic Craton. Journal of Petrology 47, 1261–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traversa, G and Vaccaro, C (1992) REE distribution in the late Hercynian dykes from Sardinia. IGCP Project No. 276, Newsletter 5, 215–226.Google Scholar
Tumiati, S, Thöni, M, Nimis, P, Martin, S and Mair, V (2003) Mantle–crust interactions during Variscan subduction in the Eastern Alps (Nonsberg–Ulten zone): geochronology and new petrological constraints. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 210, 509–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaccaro, C, Atzori, P, Del Moro, A, Oddone, M, Traversa, G and Villa, IM (1991) Geochronology and Sr isotope geochemistry of late-Hercynian dykes from Sardinia. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 71 221–30.Google Scholar
Vai, GB (1991) Palaeozoic strike-slip rift pulses and palaeogeography in the circum-Mediterranean Tethyan realm. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 87, 223–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veevers, JJ (1989) Middle/Late Triassic (230±5 Ma) singularity in the stratigraphic and magmatic history of the Pangean heat anomaly. Geology 17, 784–87.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Visonà, D (1997) The Predazzo multipulse intrusive body (Western Dolomites, Italy). Field and mineralogical studies. Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana 49, 117–25.Google Scholar
Visonà, D and Zanferrari, A (2000) Some constraints on geochemical features in the Triassic mantle of the easternmost Austroalpine-Southalpine domain: evidence from the Karawanken pluton (Carinthia, Austria). International Journal of Earth Science 89, 40–51.Google Scholar
von Raumer, JF (1998) The Palaeozoic evolution in the Alps: from Gondwana to Pangea. Geologische Rundschau 87, 407–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woolley, AR, Bergman, SC, Edgar, AD, Le Bas, MJ, Mitchell, RH, Rock, NMS and Scott-Smith, BH (1996) Classification of lamprophyres, lamproites, kimberlites, and the kalsilitic, melilitic, and leucitic rocks. Canadian Mineralogist 34, 175–86.Google Scholar
Zanetti, A, Mazzucchelli, M, Rivalenti, G and Vannucci, R (1999) The Finero phlogopite-peridotite massif: an example of subduction-related metasomatism. Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology, 134, 107–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zanetti, A, Mazzucchelli, M, Sinigoi, S, Giovanardi, T, Peressini, G and Fanning, M (2013) SHRIMP U-Pb zircon Triassic intrusion age of the Finero mafic complex (Ivrea-Verbano zone, Western Alps) and its geodynamic implications. Journal of Petrology 54, 2235–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ziegler, PA and Stampfli, GM (2001) Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic plate boundary reorganization: collapse of the Variscan Orogen and opening of the Neotethys. Natura Bresciana, Annuali del Museo di Scienze Naturali 25, 17–34.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

De Min et al. Supplementary Materials

De Min et al. Supplementary Materials

Download De Min et al. Supplementary Materials(File)
File 2.1 MB